Patients with multiple sclerosis: a burden and cost of illness study.
Burden of illness
Cost of illness
Healthcare costs
Italy
Multiple sclerosis
Payer
Journal
Journal of neurology
ISSN: 1432-1459
Titre abrégé: J Neurol
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 0423161
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Sep 2022
Sep 2022
Historique:
received:
17
03
2022
accepted:
01
05
2022
revised:
29
04
2022
pubmed:
24
5
2022
medline:
12
8
2022
entrez:
23
5
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disease negatively impacting patients' physical, psychological and social well-being with a significant economic burden. The study estimates MS burden and cost of illness in Italy from a societal perspective in 2019. Information on the impact of the disease on daily activities, symptoms, employment, resource utilization and the role of caregivers was collected through questionnaires completed by 944 patients and caregivers. Results were stratified according to both disease severity and payer. Mean costs and overall costs were extrapolated from the sample to the Italian MS population considering published distribution of severity. The study showed a great impact of the disease on daily and work activities increasing with the disability. The overwhelming burden of fatigue emerged. Mean annual costs were estimated at €39,307/patient (€29,676, €43,464 and €53,454 in mild, moderate and severe cases, respectively). Direct healthcare costs were the major component (€21,069), followed by indirect costs (€15,004). The overall cost of the disease in Italy was €4.8 billion. The National Healthcare System (NHS) sustained most of the costs (80%), most notably direct healthcare costs, while patients paid almost all non-healthcare expenses. This study confirmed that MS carries a substantial burden to patients and society, highlighting the need for awareness of this disease.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disease negatively impacting patients' physical, psychological and social well-being with a significant economic burden.
OBJECTIVES
OBJECTIVE
The study estimates MS burden and cost of illness in Italy from a societal perspective in 2019.
METHODS
METHODS
Information on the impact of the disease on daily activities, symptoms, employment, resource utilization and the role of caregivers was collected through questionnaires completed by 944 patients and caregivers. Results were stratified according to both disease severity and payer. Mean costs and overall costs were extrapolated from the sample to the Italian MS population considering published distribution of severity.
RESULTS
RESULTS
The study showed a great impact of the disease on daily and work activities increasing with the disability. The overwhelming burden of fatigue emerged. Mean annual costs were estimated at €39,307/patient (€29,676, €43,464 and €53,454 in mild, moderate and severe cases, respectively). Direct healthcare costs were the major component (€21,069), followed by indirect costs (€15,004). The overall cost of the disease in Italy was €4.8 billion. The National Healthcare System (NHS) sustained most of the costs (80%), most notably direct healthcare costs, while patients paid almost all non-healthcare expenses.
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
This study confirmed that MS carries a substantial burden to patients and society, highlighting the need for awareness of this disease.
Identifiants
pubmed: 35604465
doi: 10.1007/s00415-022-11169-w
pii: 10.1007/s00415-022-11169-w
pmc: PMC9124746
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
5127-5135Informations de copyright
© 2022. The Author(s).
Références
Lublin FD, Reingold SC, Cohen JA et al (2014) Defining the clinical course of multiple sclerosis: the 2013 revisions. Neurology 83(3):278–286
doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000000560
Atlas of MS. In: Atlas MS. https://www.atlasofms.org/map/global/epidemiology/number-of-people-with-ms . Accessed 24 Nov 2021
Battaglia MA, Bandiera P (2019) Barometro della Sclerosi Multipla 2019. Associazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla. https://www.aism.it/sites/default/files/Barometro_della_SM_2019estratto.pdf . Accessed 24 Nov 2021
Ghasemi N (2017) Multiple sclerosis: pathogenesis, symptoms, diagnoses and cell-based therapy. Cell J 19:10
Lunde HMB, Assmus J, Myhr K-M et al (2017) Survival and cause of death in multiple sclerosis: a 60-year longitudinal population study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 88:621–625. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2016-315238
doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2016-315238
pubmed: 28365589
Amato MP, Battaglia MA, Caputo D et al (2002) The costs of multiple sclerosis: a cross-sectional, multicenter cost-of-illness study in Italy. J Neurol 249:152–163. https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00007858
doi: 10.1007/PL00007858
pubmed: 11985380
Battaglia M, Kobelt G, Ponzio M et al (2017) New insights into the burden and costs of multiple sclerosis in Europe: results for Italy. Mult Scler J 23:104–116. https://doi.org/10.1177/1352458517708176
doi: 10.1177/1352458517708176
Ponzio M, Gerzeli S, Brichetto G et al (2015) Economic impact of multiple sclerosis in Italy: focus on rehabilitation costs. Neurol Sci 36:227–234. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-014-1925-z
doi: 10.1007/s10072-014-1925-z
pubmed: 25109816
Karampampa K, Gustavsson A, Miltenburger C et al (2012) Treatment experience, burden and unmet needs (TRIBUNE) in MS study: results from Italy. Mult Scler J 18:29–34. https://doi.org/10.1177/1352458512441566c
doi: 10.1177/1352458512441566c
Patti F, Amato MP, Trojano M et al (2011) Multiple sclerosis in Italy: cost-of-illness study. Neurol Sci 32:787–794. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-011-0499-2
doi: 10.1007/s10072-011-0499-2
pubmed: 21409509
Kurtzke JF (1983) Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: an expanded disability status scale (EDSS). Neurology 33:1444–1444. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.33.11.1444
doi: 10.1212/WNL.33.11.1444
pubmed: 6685237
Tarricone R (2006) Cost-of-illness analysis. Health Policy 77:51–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2005.07.016
doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2005.07.016
pubmed: 16139925
GU Serie Generale n.23 del 28–01–2013, Supplemento ordinario n.8, allegati 1,2,3
Regione Lombardia. Nomenclatore Tariffario Regionale per le Prestazioni Ambulatoriali
Regione Toscana. Nomenclatore Tariffario Regionale delle Prestazioni Specialistiche Ambulatoriali
Regione Campania. Catalogo Regionale delle Prestazioni Specialistiche, Versione 2.1
Regione Friuli Venezia Giulia. Nomenclatore Tariffario della Specialistica Ambulatoriale
Regione Liguria. Catalogo Unico Regionale delle Prestazioni Sanitarie Ambulatoriali Erogabili sul Territorio Ligure
Humanitas. Prestazioni. Trattamento osteopatico e/o manipolativo. https://prenota.humanitas.it . Accessed 24 Nov 2021
Centro Medico Sant’Agostino. Prestazioni. Inquadramento e terapia osteopatica. https://www.santagostino.it/it/prestazioni/inquadramento-e-terapia-osteopatica . Accessed 24 Nov 2021
Medici In Casa. Visita neurologica a domicilio. https://www.mediciincasa.it/ . Accessed 24 Nov 2021
Associazione Sistema Helios. Listino visite specialistiche a domicilio. https://www.sistemahelios.it/ . Accessed 24 Nov 2021
Il Medico a Casa. Visita Neurologica a domicilio. https://ilmedicoacasa.com/ . Accessed 24 Nov 2021
Garattini L, Castelnuovo E, Lanzeni D et al (2003) Durata e costo delle visite in medicina generale: il progetto DYSCO. Farmeconomia Health Econ Ther Pathw 4:109–114. https://doi.org/10.7175/fe.v4i2.773
doi: 10.7175/fe.v4i2.773
Indice dei prezzi al consumo per famiglie operai e impiegati Gennaio 1947-Ottobre 2021. In: Istat Rivaluta. http://rivaluta.istat.it:8080/Rivaluta/ . Accessed 24 Nov 2021
Gazzetta Ufficiale della Repubblica Italiana. https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/home
AIFA. Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco. https://www.aifa.gov.it/
Becker GS (1962) Investment in human capital: a theoretical analysis. J Polit Econ 70:9–49. https://doi.org/10.1086/258724
doi: 10.1086/258724
Wallin MT, Culpepper WJ, Nichols E et al (2019) Global, regional, and national burden of multiple sclerosis 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Neurol 18:269–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30443-5
doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30443-5
Prodotto interno lordo e principali componenti. In: I.stat. http://dati.istat.it/Index.aspx . Accessed 24 Nov 2021
Althubaiti A (2016) Information bias in health research: definition, pitfalls, and adjustment methods. J Multidiscip Healthc. https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S104807
doi: 10.2147/JMDH.S104807
pubmed: 27217764
pmcid: 4862344