Molecular Taxonomy of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Through Data-Driven Patient Stratification: Molecular Endotypes and Cluster-Tailored Drugs.

Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by a largely empirical approach and relative paucity of novel compound development. We sought to stratify SLE patients based on their molecular phenotype and identify putative therapeutic compounds for each molecular fingerprint. By the use of whole blood RNA-seq data from 120 SLE patients, and in a data-driven, clinically unbiased manner, we established modules of commonly regulated genes (molecular endotypes) and re-stratified patients through hierarchical clustering. Disease activity and severity were assessed using SLEDAI-2K and Lupus Severity Index, respectively. Through an Molecular taxonomy identified five lupus endotypes, each characterized by a unique gene module enrichment pattern. Neutrophilic signature group consisted primarily of patients with active lupus nephritis, while the B-cell expression group included patients with constitutional features. Patients with moderate severity and serologic activity exhibited a signature enriched for metabolic processes. Mild disease was distributed in two groups, exhibiting enhanced basic cellular functions, myelopoiesis, and autophagy. Bortezomib was predicted to reverse disturbances in the "neutrophilic" cluster, azathioprine and ixazomib in the "B-cell" cluster, and fostamatinib in the "metabolic" patient subgroup. The clinical spectrum of SLE encompasses distinct molecular endotypes, each defined by unique pathophysiologic aberrancies potentially reversible by distinct compounds.

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Copyright © 2022 Garantziotis, Nikolakis, Doumas, Frangou, Sentis, Filia, Fanouriakis, Bertsias and Boumpas.

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The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.