Role of Early Life Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte and Natural Killer Cell Immunity in Paediatric HIV Cure/Remission in the Anti-Retroviral Therapy Era.
CTL
HIV
NK cell
innate immunity
paediatric
Journal
Frontiers in immunology
ISSN: 1664-3224
Titre abrégé: Front Immunol
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101560960
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2022
2022
Historique:
received:
28
02
2022
accepted:
13
04
2022
entrez:
31
5
2022
pubmed:
1
6
2022
medline:
3
6
2022
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Only three well-characterised cases of functional cure have been described in paediatric HIV infection over the past decade. This underlines the fact that early initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), whilst minimising the size of the viral reservoir, is insufficient to achieve cure, unless other factors contribute. In this review, we consider these additional factors that may facilitate functional cure in paediatric infection. Among the early life immune activity, these include HIV-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cell responses. The former have less potent antiviral efficacy in paediatric compared with adult infection, and indeed, in early life, NK responses have greater impact in suppressing viral replication than CTL. This fact may contribute to a greater potential for functional cure to be achieved in paediatric versus adult infection, since post-treatment control in adults is associated less with highly potent CTL activity, and more with effective antiviral NK cell responses. Nonetheless, antiviral CTL responses can play an increasingly effective role through childhood, especially in individuals expressing then 'protective' HLA-I molecules HLA-B*27/57/58:01/8101. The role of the innate system on preventing infection, in shaping the particular viruses transmitted, and influencing outcome is discussed. The susceptibility of female fetuses to
Identifiants
pubmed: 35634290
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.886562
pmc: PMC9130627
doi:
Substances chimiques
Antiviral Agents
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
886562Subventions
Organisme : NIAID NIH HHS
ID : UM1 AI164566
Pays : United States
Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2022 Vieira, Herbert, Cromhout, Adland and Goulder.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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