A glance into the future of myositis therapy.

The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies are chronic diseases of the skeletal muscle that comprise various conditions, including dermatomyositis, polymyositis, immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy, and the antisynthetase syndrome. Although there are a number of distinguishing features, all these disorders are characterized by an immune and inflammatory response mainly directed against the muscle. Hence, therapy is geared toward curbing the autoimmune and inflammatory response. A quite wide range of medications are currently available to treat these disorders, but despite all therapeutic progress still a number of patients are unable to maintain a sustained remission. In this review article, we have marshaled a variety of potential therapeutic agents that may hold promise for the future treatment of the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. It is to be expected that by increasing the therapeutic armamentarium with agents that have different mechanisms of action even challenging cases could be successfully managed, thus reducing disease burden and disability.

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© The Author(s), 2022.

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Conflict of interest statement: The authors declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: IC: none. CG: none. CS: received consulting and investigator fees from Abbvie, Pfizer, MSD, Roche, Celgene, and Novartis. NP: Guest speaker at UCB-sponsored meetings: (Immunology Summits, Prague, 2012, 2013, & 2014, MACRO Meet the expert at the ACademy of RheumatOlogy, Bologna 13–14 April 2012, GRAPPA Workshop, Milan 29 January 2016 and Rome 30 November 2017), Fininvest (Catania 2016), Aim Group (Reggio Emilia 2018), I&C (Bologna, 2018), Alfa-Wassermann/Planning congressi sponsored meeting (Rhewind, Bologna, February 2016 and 2019). Received royalties from Uptodate.com and consultant fees from Janssen-Cilagin. Investigator in the CL2-78989-010 Servier study (2014) and the sirukumab in GCA GSK study (2016); PI for the ToReMy (Tocilizumab in Refractory Myositis) AIFA [Italian Drug Agency]-funded (2017) study and for the FOREUM-funded (2018) GCA study; investigator for the ADIENNE ADN016 study (2022).