Transformation and fate of non-reactive phosphorus (NRP) in enhanced biological phosphorus removal process with sidestream phosphorus recovery.

Recovery of phosphorus (P) from wastewater can help establish a new P cycle. However, there are many P forms in wastewater, not always in reactive forms, which are the most suitable for direct recovery. The enhanced biological phosphorus removal process with sidestream phosphorus recovery (EBPR-SPR) is an effective way to remove and recover P resources in wastewater, but there is a lack of research on the transformation and fate of non-reactive phosphorus (NRP) in it. This study selected four model NRP to investigate their transformation and fate in an EBPR-SPR process. The transformation of NRP in pure water and activated sludge under anaerobic and aerobic conditions were compared. The effects of Ca/P ratio and pH on NRP recovery were studied, and the recovery products of NRP were characterized. It was found that NRP containing phosphoanhydride and phosphoester bonds were more easily hydrolyzed to reactive P (RP) than that containing PC bonds. NRP will be adsorbed and accumulated by activated sludge, and activated sludge will accelerate the conversion of NRP to RP. Tripolyphosphate can form complex precipitation with Ca

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Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.