Implementing a health labour market analysis to address health workforce gaps in a rural region of India.

Health Labor Market Analysis Health workforce Human Resources for Health India Rural areas Supply and demand Underserved areas WHO Workforce 2030 Workforce strategy

Journal

Human resources for health
ISSN: 1478-4491
Titre abrégé: Hum Resour Health
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101170535

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
04 06 2022
Historique:
received: 03 11 2021
accepted: 25 05 2022
entrez: 6 6 2022
pubmed: 7 6 2022
medline: 9 6 2022
Statut: epublish

Résumé

Human Resources for Health (HRH) are essential for making meaningful progress towards universal health coverage (UHC), but health systems in most of the developing countries continue to suffer from serious gaps in health workforce. The Global Strategy on Human Resources for Health-Workforce 2030, adopted in 2016, includes Health Labor Market Analysis (HLMA) as a tool for evidence based health workforce improvements. HLMA offers certain advantages over the traditional approach of workforce planning. In 2018, WHO supported a HLMA exercise in Chhattisgarh, one of the predominantly rural states of India. The HLMA included a stakeholder consultation for identifying policy questions relevant to the context. The HLMA focused on state HRH at district-level and below. Mixed methods were used for data collection and analysis. Detailed district-wise data on HRH availability were collected from state's health department. Data were also collected on policies implemented on HRH during the 3 year period after the start of HLMA and changes in health workforce. The state had increased the production of doctors but vacancies persisted until 2018. The availability of doctors and other qualified health workers was uneven with severe shortages of private as well as public HRH in rural areas. In case of nurses, there was a substantial production of nurses, particularly from private schools, however there was a lack of trusted accreditation mechanism and vacancies in public sector persisted alongside unemployment among nurses. Based on the HLMA, pragmatic recommendations were decided and followed up. Over the past 3 years since the HLMA began an additional 4547 health workers including 1141 doctors have been absorbed by the public sector. The vacancies in most of the clinical cadres were brought below 20%. The HLMA played an important role in identifying the key HRH gaps and clarifying the underlying issues. The HLMA and the pursuant recommendations were instrumental in development and implementation of appropriate policies to improve rural HRH in Chhattisgarh. This demonstrates important progress on key 2030 Global Strategy milestones of reducing inequalities in access to health workers and improving financing, retention and training of HRH.

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND
Human Resources for Health (HRH) are essential for making meaningful progress towards universal health coverage (UHC), but health systems in most of the developing countries continue to suffer from serious gaps in health workforce. The Global Strategy on Human Resources for Health-Workforce 2030, adopted in 2016, includes Health Labor Market Analysis (HLMA) as a tool for evidence based health workforce improvements. HLMA offers certain advantages over the traditional approach of workforce planning. In 2018, WHO supported a HLMA exercise in Chhattisgarh, one of the predominantly rural states of India.
METHODS
The HLMA included a stakeholder consultation for identifying policy questions relevant to the context. The HLMA focused on state HRH at district-level and below. Mixed methods were used for data collection and analysis. Detailed district-wise data on HRH availability were collected from state's health department. Data were also collected on policies implemented on HRH during the 3 year period after the start of HLMA and changes in health workforce.
RESULTS
The state had increased the production of doctors but vacancies persisted until 2018. The availability of doctors and other qualified health workers was uneven with severe shortages of private as well as public HRH in rural areas. In case of nurses, there was a substantial production of nurses, particularly from private schools, however there was a lack of trusted accreditation mechanism and vacancies in public sector persisted alongside unemployment among nurses. Based on the HLMA, pragmatic recommendations were decided and followed up. Over the past 3 years since the HLMA began an additional 4547 health workers including 1141 doctors have been absorbed by the public sector. The vacancies in most of the clinical cadres were brought below 20%.
CONCLUSION
The HLMA played an important role in identifying the key HRH gaps and clarifying the underlying issues. The HLMA and the pursuant recommendations were instrumental in development and implementation of appropriate policies to improve rural HRH in Chhattisgarh. This demonstrates important progress on key 2030 Global Strategy milestones of reducing inequalities in access to health workers and improving financing, retention and training of HRH.

Identifiants

pubmed: 35659250
doi: 10.1186/s12960-022-00749-6
pii: 10.1186/s12960-022-00749-6
pmc: PMC9167498
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

50

Subventions

Organisme : World Health Organization
ID : 001
Pays : International

Informations de copyright

© 2022. The Author(s).

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Auteurs

Samir Garg (S)

State Health Resource Centre, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India. koriya@gmail.com.

Narayan Tripathi (N)

State Health Resource Centre, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.

Michelle McIsaac (M)

Health Workforce Department, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.

Pascal Zurn (P)

Health Workforce Department, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.

Tomas Zapata (T)

WHO, South East Asia Regional Office, New Delhi, India.

Dilip S Mairembam (DS)

WHO, India Office, New Delhi, India.

Niharika Barik Singh (NB)

Government of Chhattisgarh, Raipur, India.

Hilde de Graeve (H)

WHO, India Office, New Delhi, India.

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