Hydrogeochemical assessment of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks of potentially toxic elements in aquifers of the Hindukush ranges, Pakistan: insights from groundwater pollution indexing, GIS-based, and multivariate statistical approaches.
Adult
Apatites
Cadmium
/ analysis
Calcium Carbonate
/ analysis
Calcium Sulfate
/ analysis
Carcinogens
/ analysis
Child
Environmental Monitoring
/ methods
Escherichia coli
Ferric Compounds
Ferrosoferric Oxide
/ analysis
Geographic Information Systems
Groundwater
/ analysis
Humans
Lead
/ analysis
Minerals
/ analysis
Pakistan
Risk Assessment
Water Pollutants, Chemical
/ analysis
Water Quality
Groundwater quality indexing
Health risk assessment model
Hindukush ranges
Hydrogeochemistry
Mineral phases
Pakistan
Journal
Environmental science and pollution research international
ISSN: 1614-7499
Titre abrégé: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 9441769
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Oct 2022
Oct 2022
Historique:
received:
25
01
2022
accepted:
25
05
2022
pubmed:
7
6
2022
medline:
14
10
2022
entrez:
6
6
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Globally, potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and bacterial contamination pose health hazards, persistency, and genotoxicity in the groundwater aquifer. This study evaluates PTE concentration, carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic health hazards, groundwater quality indexing (GWQI-model), source provenance, and fate distribution in the groundwater of Hindukush ranges, Pakistan. The new estimates of USEPA equations record new research dimensions for carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic hazards. The principal component analysis (PCA), mineral phases, and spatial distribution determine groundwater contamination and its impacts. The average concentrations of PTEs, viz., Cd, Cu, Co, Fe, Pb, and Zn, were 0.06, 0.27, 0.07, 0.55, 0.05, and 0.19 mg/L, and E. coli, F. coli, and P. coli were 27.5, 24.0, and 19.0 CFU/100 ml. Moreover, the average values of basic minerals, viz., anhydrite, aragonite, calcite, dolomite, gypsum, halite, and hydroxyl apatite, were 0.4, 2.4, 2.6, 5.1, 0.6, and - 4.0, 11.2, and PTE minerals like monteponite, tenorite, cuprite, cuprous ferrite, cupric ferrite, ferrihydrite, goethite, hematite, lepidocrocite, maghemite, magnetite, massicot, minium, litharge, plattnerite, and zincite were - 5.5, 2.23, 4.65, 18.56, 20.0, 4.84, 7.54, 17.46, 6.66, 9.67, 22.72, - 3.36, 22.9, 3.16, - 18.0, and 1.46. The groundwater showed carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health hazards for children and adults. The GWQI-model showed that 58.3% of samples revealed worse water quality. PCA revealed rock weathering, mineral dissolution, water-rock interaction, and industrial effluents as the dominant factors influencing groundwater chemistry. Carbonate weathering and ion exchange play vital roles in altering CaHCO
Identifiants
pubmed: 35661301
doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-21172-3
pii: 10.1007/s11356-022-21172-3
doi:
Substances chimiques
Apatites
0
Carcinogens
0
Ferric Compounds
0
Minerals
0
Water Pollutants, Chemical
0
Cadmium
00BH33GNGH
ferrite
1317-54-0
Lead
2P299V784P
Calcium Carbonate
H0G9379FGK
Calcium Sulfate
WAT0DDB505
Ferrosoferric Oxide
XM0M87F357
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
75744-75768Informations de copyright
© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
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