The Role of M1/M2 Macrophage Polarization in Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovitis.
Inflammation
Macrophage polarization
Rheumatoid anhritis
Synovitis
bDMARD therapy
Journal
Frontiers in immunology
ISSN: 1664-3224
Titre abrégé: Front Immunol
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101560960
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2022
2022
Historique:
received:
31
01
2022
accepted:
24
03
2022
entrez:
6
6
2022
pubmed:
7
6
2022
medline:
9
6
2022
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Innate and adaptive immunity represent a harmonic counterbalanced system involved in the induction, progression, and possibly resolution of the inflammatory reaction that characterize autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs), including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although the immunopathophysiological mechanisms of the ARDs are not fully clarified, they are often associated with an inappropriate macrophage/T-cell interaction, where classical (M1) or alternative (M2) macrophage activation may influence the occurrence of T-helper (Th)1 or Th2 responses. In RA patients, M1/Th1 activation occurs in an inflammatory environment dominated by Toll-like receptor (TLR) and interferon (IFN) signaling, and it promotes a massive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines [i.e., tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-1, IL-12, IL-18, and IFNγ], chemotactic factors, and matrix metalloproteinases resulting in osteoclastogenesis, erosion, and progressive joint destruction. On the other hand, the activation of M2/Th2 response determines the release of growth factors and cytokines [i.e., IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β] involved in the anti-inflammatory process leading to the clinical remission of RA. Several subtypes of macrophages have been described. Five polarization states from M1 to M2 have been confirmed in
Identifiants
pubmed: 35663975
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.867260
pmc: PMC9161083
doi:
Substances chimiques
Biomarkers
0
Cytokines
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
867260Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2022 Cutolo, Campitiello, Gotelli and Soldano.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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