Benefit from upfront FOLFOXIRI and bevacizumab in BRAFV600E-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer patients: does primary tumour location matter?
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols
/ therapeutic use
Bevacizumab
/ therapeutic use
Camptothecin
/ analogs & derivatives
Colonic Neoplasms
/ drug therapy
Colorectal Neoplasms
/ drug therapy
Fluorouracil
/ adverse effects
Humans
Leucovorin
/ adverse effects
Organoplatinum Compounds
Rectal Neoplasms
/ chemically induced
Journal
British journal of cancer
ISSN: 1532-1827
Titre abrégé: Br J Cancer
Pays: England
ID NLM: 0370635
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
09 2022
09 2022
Historique:
received:
04
01
2022
accepted:
09
05
2022
revised:
02
04
2022
pubmed:
7
6
2022
medline:
3
9
2022
entrez:
6
6
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Recent data suggest that BRAFV600E-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients with right-sided tumours and ECOG-PS = 0 may achieve benefit from the triplet regimen differently than those with left-sided tumours and ECOG-PS > 0. The predictive impact of primary sidedness and ECOG-PS was evaluated in a large real-life dataset of 296 BRAFV600E-mutated mCRC patients treated with upfront triplet or doublet ± bevacizumab. Biological differences between right- and left-sided BRAFV600E-mutated CRCs were further investigated in an independent cohort of 1162 samples. A significant interaction effect between primary sidedness and treatment intensity was reported in terms of both PFS (p = 0.010) and OS (p = 0.003), with a beneficial effect of the triplet in the right-sided group and a possible detrimental effect in the left-sided. No interaction effect was observed between ECOG-PS and chemo-backbone. In the MSS/pMMR population, a consistent trend for a side-related subgroup effect was observed when FOLFOXIRI ± bevacizumab was compared to oxaliplatin-based doublets±bevacizumab (p = 0.097 and 0.16 for PFS and OS, respectively). Among MSS/pMMR tumours, the BM1 subtype was more prevalent in the right-sided group (p = 0.0019, q = 0.0139). No significant differences were observed according to sidedness in the MSI-H/dMMR population. Real-life data support the use of FOLFOXIRI ± bevacizumab only in BRAFV600E-mutated mCRC patients with right-sided tumours.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
Recent data suggest that BRAFV600E-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients with right-sided tumours and ECOG-PS = 0 may achieve benefit from the triplet regimen differently than those with left-sided tumours and ECOG-PS > 0.
METHODS
The predictive impact of primary sidedness and ECOG-PS was evaluated in a large real-life dataset of 296 BRAFV600E-mutated mCRC patients treated with upfront triplet or doublet ± bevacizumab. Biological differences between right- and left-sided BRAFV600E-mutated CRCs were further investigated in an independent cohort of 1162 samples.
RESULTS
A significant interaction effect between primary sidedness and treatment intensity was reported in terms of both PFS (p = 0.010) and OS (p = 0.003), with a beneficial effect of the triplet in the right-sided group and a possible detrimental effect in the left-sided. No interaction effect was observed between ECOG-PS and chemo-backbone. In the MSS/pMMR population, a consistent trend for a side-related subgroup effect was observed when FOLFOXIRI ± bevacizumab was compared to oxaliplatin-based doublets±bevacizumab (p = 0.097 and 0.16 for PFS and OS, respectively). Among MSS/pMMR tumours, the BM1 subtype was more prevalent in the right-sided group (p = 0.0019, q = 0.0139). No significant differences were observed according to sidedness in the MSI-H/dMMR population.
CONCLUSIONS
Real-life data support the use of FOLFOXIRI ± bevacizumab only in BRAFV600E-mutated mCRC patients with right-sided tumours.
Identifiants
pubmed: 35665778
doi: 10.1038/s41416-022-01852-0
pii: 10.1038/s41416-022-01852-0
pmc: PMC9428147
doi:
Substances chimiques
Organoplatinum Compounds
0
Bevacizumab
2S9ZZM9Q9V
Leucovorin
Q573I9DVLP
Fluorouracil
U3P01618RT
Camptothecin
XT3Z54Z28A
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
957-967Informations de copyright
© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
Références
Davies H, Bignell GR, Cox C, Stephens P, Edkins S, Clegg S, et al. Mutations of the BRAF gene in human cancer. Nature. 2002;417:949–54. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature00766
doi: 10.1038/nature00766
pubmed: 12068308
Richman SD, Seymour MT, Chambers P, Elliott F, Daly CL, Meade AM, et al. KRAS and BRAF mutations in advanced colorectal cancer are associated with poor prognosis but do not preclude benefit from oxaliplatin or irinotecan: results from the MRC FOCUS trial. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27:5931–7. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2009.22.4295
doi: 10.1200/JCO.2009.22.4295
pubmed: 19884549
Tran B, Kopetz S, Tie J, Gibbs P, Jiang Z-Q, Lieu CH, et al. Impact of BRAF mutation and microsatellite instability on the pattern of metastatic spread and prognosis in metastatic colorectal cancer. Cancer. 2011;117:4623–32. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.26086
doi: 10.1002/cncr.26086
pubmed: 21456008
Morris V, Overman MJ, Jiang Z-Q, Garrett C, Agarwal S, Eng C, et al. Progression-free survival remains poor over sequential lines of systemic therapy in patients with BRAF-mutated colorectal cancer. Clin Colorectal Cancer. 2014;13:164–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clcc.2014.06.001
doi: 10.1016/j.clcc.2014.06.001
pubmed: 25069797
pmcid: 4266576
Seligmann JF, Fisher D, Smith CG, Richman SD, Elliott F, Brown S, et al. Investigating the poor outcomes of BRAF-mutant advanced colorectal cancer: analysis from 2530 patients in randomised clinical trials. Ann Oncol. 2017;28:562–8. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdw645
doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdw645
pubmed: 27993800
Van Cutsem E, Cervantes A, Adam R, Sobrero A, Van Krieken JH, Aderka D, et al. ESMO consensus guidelines for the management of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol. 2016;27:1386–422. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdw235
doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdw235
pubmed: 27380959
Loupakis F, Cremolini C, Masi G, Lonardi S, Zagonel V, Salvatore L, et al. Initial therapy with FOLFOXIRI and bevacizumab for metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2014;371:1609–18. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1403108
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1403108
pubmed: 25337750
Cremolini C, Loupakis F, Antoniotti C, Lupi C, Sensi E, Lonardi S, et al. FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab versus FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab as first-line treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: updated overall survival and molecular subgroup analyses of the open-label, phase 3 TRIBE study. Lancet Oncol. 2015;16:1306–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(15)00122-9
doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(15)00122-9
pubmed: 26338525
Cremolini C, Antoniotti C, Rossini D, Lonardi S, Loupakis F, Pietrantonio F, et al. Upfront FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab and reintroduction after progression versus mFOLFOX6 plus bevacizumab followed by FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab in the treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (TRIBE2): a multicentre, open-label, phase 3, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2020;21:497–507. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(19)30862-9
doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(19)30862-9
pubmed: 32164906
Cremolini C, Antoniotti C, Stein A, Bendell J, Gruenberger T, Rossini D, et al. Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis of FOLFOXIRI Plus Bevacizumab Versus Doublets Plus Bevacizumab as Initial Therapy of Unresectable Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.20.01225
Moretto R, Giordano M, Poma AM, Passardi A, Boccaccino A, Pietrantonio F, et al. Exploring clinical and gene expression markers of benefit from FOLFOXIRI/bevacizumab in patients with BRAF-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer: subgroup analyses of the TRIBE2 study. Eur J Cancer. 2021;153:16–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2021.04.039
doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.04.039
pubmed: 34126333
Arnold D, Lueza B, Douillard J-Y, Peeters M, Lenz H-J, Venook A, et al. Prognostic and predictive value of primary tumour side in patients with RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer treated with chemotherapy and EGFR directed antibodies in six randomized trials. Ann Oncol. 2017;28:1713–29. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdx175
doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdx175
pubmed: 28407110
pmcid: 6246616
Holch JW, Ricard I, Stintzing S, Modest DP, Heinemann V. The relevance of primary tumour location in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of first-line clinical trials. Eur J Cancer. 2017;70:87–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2016.10.007
doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2016.10.007
pubmed: 27907852
Cremolini C, Morano F, Moretto R, Berenato R, Tamborini E, Perrone F, et al. Negative hyper-selection of metastatic colorectal cancer patients for anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies: the PRESSING case-control study. Ann Oncol. 2017;28:3009–14. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdx546
doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdx546
pubmed: 29045518
Morano F, Corallo S, Lonardi S, Raimondi A, Cremolini C, Rimassa L, et al. Negative hyperselection of patients with RAS and BRAF wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer who received panitumumab-based maintenance therapy. J Clin Oncol. 2019;37:3099–110. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.19.01254
doi: 10.1200/JCO.19.01254
pubmed: 31539295
pmcid: 6864846
Loupakis F, Intini R, Cremolini C, Orlandi A, Sartore-Bianchi A, Pietrantonio F, et al. A validated prognostic classifier for V600EBRAF-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer: the “BRAF BeCool” study. Eur J Cancer. 2019;118:121–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2019.06.008
doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2019.06.008
pubmed: 31330487
Caris Life Sciences. Caris Molecular Intelligence Tumor Profiling—Enabling Precision Medicine n.d. 2021. https://www.carismolecularintelligence.com/ . Accessed Nov 2021.
Cremolini C, Schirripa M, Antoniotti C, Moretto R, Salvatore L, Masi G, et al. First-line chemotherapy for mCRC—a review and evidence-based algorithm. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2015;12:607–19. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrclinonc.2015.129
doi: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2015.129
pubmed: 26215044
Loupakis F, Yang D, Yau L, Feng S, Cremolini C, Zhang W, et al. Primary tumor location as a prognostic factor in metastatic colorectal cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2015;107:dju427. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/dju427
doi: 10.1093/jnci/dju427
pubmed: 25713148
pmcid: 4565528
Salem ME, Puccini A, Grothey A, Raghavan D, Goldberg RM, Xiu J, et al. Landscape of tumor mutation load, mismatch repair deficiency, and PD-L1 expression in a large patient cohort of gastrointestinal cancers. Mol Cancer Res. 2018;16:805–12. https://doi.org/10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-17-0735
doi: 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-17-0735
pubmed: 29523759
pmcid: 6833953
Vanderwalde A, Spetzler D, Xiao N, Gatalica Z, Marshall J. Microsatellite instability status determined by next-generation sequencing and compared with PD-L1 and tumor mutational burden in 11,348 patients. Cancer Med. 2018;7:746–56. https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.1372
doi: 10.1002/cam4.1372
pubmed: 29436178
pmcid: 5852359
Abraham JP, Magee D, Cremolini C, Antoniotti C, Halbert DD, Xiu J, et al. Clinical validation of a machine-learning-derived signature predictive of outcomes from first-line oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in advanced colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2021;27:1174–83. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-20-3286
doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-20-3286
pubmed: 33293373
Marabelle A, Fakih M, Lopez J, Shah M, Shapira-Frommer R, Nakagawa K, et al. Association of tumour mutational burden with outcomes in patients with advanced solid tumours treated with pembrolizumab: prospective biomarker analysis of the multicohort, open-label, phase 2 KEYNOTE-158 study. Lancet Oncol. 2020;21:1353–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30445-9
doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30445-9
pubmed: 32919526
Merino DM, McShane LM, Fabrizio D, Funari V, Chen S-J, White JR, et al. Establishing guidelines to harmonize tumor mutational burden (TMB): in silico assessment of variation in TMB quantification across diagnostic platforms: phase I of the Friends of Cancer Research TMB Harmonization Project. J Immunother Cancer. 2020;8:e000147. https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2019-000147
doi: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000147
pubmed: 32217756
pmcid: 7174078
Becht E, Reyniès A, de, Giraldo NA, Pilati C, Buttard B, Lacroix L, et al. Immune and stromal classification of colorectal cancer is associated with molecular subtypes and relevant for precision immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res. 2016;22:4057–66. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-15-2879
doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-15-2879
pubmed: 26994146
Barras D, Missiaglia E, Wirapati P, Sieber OM, Jorissen RN, Love C, et al. BRAF V600E mutant colorectal cancer subtypes based on gene expression. Clin Cancer Res. 2017;23:104–15. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-0140
doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-0140
pubmed: 27354468
Kleeman SO, Koelzer VH, Jones HJ, Vazquez EG, Davis H, East JE, et al. Exploiting differential Wnt target gene expression to generate a molecular biomarker for colorectal cancer stratification. Gut. 2020;69:1092–103. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319126
doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319126
pubmed: 31563876
Moretto R, Elliott A, Zhang J, Arai H, Germani MM, Conca V, et al. Homologous recombination deficiency alterations in colorectal cancer: clinical, molecular, and prognostic implications. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djab169 .
Coleman RL, Swisher EM, Oza AM, Scott CL, Giordano H, Lin KK, et al. Refinement of prespecified cutoff for genomic loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in ARIEL2 part 1: a phase II study of rucaparib in patients (pts) with high grade ovarian carcinoma (HGOC). J Clin Oncol. 2016;34:5540–5540. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2016.34.15_suppl.5540
doi: 10.1200/JCO.2016.34.15_suppl.5540
Coleman RL, Brady MF, Herzog TJ, Sabbatini P, Armstrong DK, Walker JL, et al. Bevacizumab and paclitaxel-carboplatin chemotherapy and secondary cytoreduction in recurrent, platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer (NRG Oncology/Gynecologic Oncology Group study GOG-0213): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2017;18:779–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30279-6
doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30279-6
pubmed: 28438473
pmcid: 5715461
Souglakos J, Philips J, Wang R, Marwah S, Silver M, Tzardi M, et al. Prognostic and predictive value of common mutations for treatment response and survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer. 2009;101:465–72. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6605164
doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605164
pubmed: 19603024
pmcid: 2720232
Clancy C, Burke JP, Kalady MF, Coffey JC. BRAF mutation is associated with distinct clinicopathological characteristics in colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Colorectal Dis. 2013;15:e711–718. https://doi.org/10.1111/codi.12427
doi: 10.1111/codi.12427
pubmed: 24112392
Venderbosch S, Nagtegaal ID, Maughan TS, Smith CG, Cheadle JP, Fisher D, et al. Mismatch repair status and BRAF mutation status in metastatic colorectal cancer patients: a pooled analysis of the CAIRO, CAIRO2, COIN, and FOCUS studies. Clin Cancer Res. 2014;20:5322–30. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-14-0332
doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-14-0332
pubmed: 25139339
pmcid: 4201568
Franko J, Shi Q, Meyers JP, Maughan TS, Adams RA, Seymour MT, et al. Prognosis of patients with peritoneal metastatic colorectal cancer given systemic therapy: an analysis of individual patient data from prospective randomised trials from the Analysis and Research in Cancers of the Digestive System (ARCAD) database. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17:1709–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(16)30500-9
doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(16)30500-9
pubmed: 27743922
Loupakis F, Moretto R, Aprile G, Muntoni M, Cremolini C, Iacono D, et al. Clinico-pathological nomogram for predicting BRAF mutational status of metastatic colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer. 2016;114:30–6. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2015.399
doi: 10.1038/bjc.2015.399
pubmed: 26575603
Kopetz S, Grothey A, Yaeger R, Van Cutsem E, Desai J, Yoshino T, et al. Encorafenib, binimetinib, and cetuximab in BRAF V600E–mutated colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2019;381:1632–43. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1908075
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1908075
pubmed: 31566309
Tabernero J, Grothey A, Van Cutsem E, Yaeger R, Wasan H, Yoshino T, et al. Encorafenib plus cetuximab as a new standard of care for previously treated BRAF V600E–mutant metastatic colorectal cancer: updated survival results and subgroup analyses from the BEACON study. J Clin Oncol. 2021;39:273–84. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.20.02088
doi: 10.1200/JCO.20.02088
pubmed: 33503393
pmcid: 8078423
Grothey A, Tabernero J, Taieb J, Yaeger R, Yoshino T, Maiello E, et al. LBA-5 ANCHOR CRC: a single-arm, phase 2 study of encorafenib, binimetinib plus cetuximab in previously untreated BRAF V600E-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol. 2020;31:S242–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annonc.2020.04.080
doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.04.080
Kopetz S, Grothey A, Yaeger R, Ciardiello F, Desai J, Kim TW, et al. BREAKWATER: Randomized phase 3 study of encorafenib (enco) + cetuximab (cet) ± chemotherapy for first-line treatment (tx) of BRAF V600E-mutant (BRAFV600) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). J Clin Oncol. 2022;40:TPS211–TPS211. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2022.40.4_suppl.TPS211
doi: 10.1200/JCO.2022.40.4_suppl.TPS211
André T, Shiu K-K, Kim TW, Jensen BV, Jensen LH, Punt C, et al. Pembrolizumab in microsatellite-instability-high advanced colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2020;383:2207–18. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2017699
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2017699
pubmed: 33264544
Gelsomino F, Barbolini M, Spallanzani A, Pugliese G, Cascinu S. The evolving role of microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer: a review. Cancer Treat Rev. 2016;51:19–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.10.005
doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.10.005
pubmed: 27838401
Sadanandam A, Lyssiotis CA, Homicsko K, Collisson EA, Gibb WJ, Wullschleger S, et al. A colorectal cancer classification system that associates cellular phenotype and responses to therapy. Nat Med. 2013;19:619–25. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.3175
doi: 10.1038/nm.3175
pubmed: 23584089
pmcid: 3774607
Song N, Pogue-Geile KL, Gavin PG, Yothers G, Kim SR, Johnson NL, et al. Clinical Outcome from oxaliplatin treatment in stage II/III colon cancer according to intrinsic subtypes: secondary analysis of NSABP C-07/NRG oncology randomized clinical trial. JAMA Oncol. 2016;2:1162–9. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.2314
doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.2314
pubmed: 27270348
pmcid: 5065181
Aderka D, Stintzing S, Heinemann V. Explaining the unexplainable: discrepancies in results from the CALGB/SWOG 80405 and FIRE-3 studies. Lancet Oncol. 2019;20:e274–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(19)30172-X
doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(19)30172-X
pubmed: 31044725
Zaanan A, Bachet J-B, André T, Sinicrope FA. Prognostic impact of deficient DNA mismatch repair and mutations in KRAS, and BRAFV600E in patients with lymph node-positive colon cancer. Curr Colorectal Cancer Rep. 2014;10:346–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11888-014-0237-2
doi: 10.1007/s11888-014-0237-2
pubmed: 25386108
pmcid: 4224319
Dekker E, Tanis PJ, Vleugels JLA, Kasi PM, Wallace MB. Colorectal cancer. Lancet. 2019;394:1467–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32319-0
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32319-0
pubmed: 31631858
Taieb J, Shi Q, Pederson L, Alberts S, Wolmark N, Van Cutsem E, et al. Prognosis of microsatellite instability and/or mismatch repair deficiency stage III colon cancer patients after disease recurrence following adjuvant treatment: results of an ACCENT pooled analysis of seven studies. Ann Oncol. 2019;30:1466–71. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdz208
doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdz208
pubmed: 31268130
pmcid: 7360150
Formica V, Sera F, Cremolini C, Riondino S, Morelli C, Arkenau H-T, et al. KRAS and BRAF mutations in stage II/III colon cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djab190 .
Weisenberger DJ, Siegmund KD, Campan M, Young J, Long TI, Faasse MA, et al. CpG island methylator phenotype underlies sporadic microsatellite instability and is tightly associated with BRAF mutation in colorectal cancer. Nat Genet. 2006;38:787–93. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1834
doi: 10.1038/ng1834
pubmed: 16804544