Osmoregulation and the Hypothalamic Supraoptic Nucleus: From Genes to Functions.
gene plasticity
ions channels
magnocellular neurosecretory cells
osmoregulation
supraoptic nucleus
transporters
Journal
Frontiers in physiology
ISSN: 1664-042X
Titre abrégé: Front Physiol
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101549006
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2022
2022
Historique:
received:
02
03
2022
accepted:
18
04
2022
entrez:
10
6
2022
pubmed:
11
6
2022
medline:
11
6
2022
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Due to the relatively high permeability to water of the plasma membrane, water tends to equilibrate its chemical potential gradient between the intra and extracellular compartments. Because of this, changes in osmolality of the extracellular fluid are accompanied by changes in the cell volume. Therefore, osmoregulatory mechanisms have evolved to keep the tonicity of the extracellular compartment within strict limits. This review focuses on the following aspects of osmoregulation: 1) the general problems in adjusting the "milieu interieur" to challenges imposed by water imbalance, with emphasis on conceptual aspects of osmosis and cell volume regulation; 2) osmosensation and the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus (SON), starting with analysis of the electrophysiological responses of the magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs) involved in the osmoreception phenomenon; 3) transcriptomic plasticity of SON during sustained hyperosmolality, to pinpoint the genes coding membrane channels and transporters already shown to participate in the osmosensation and new candidates that may have their role further investigated in this process, with emphasis on those expressed in the MNCs, discussing the relationships of hydration state, gene expression, and MNCs electrical activity; and 4) somatodendritic release of neuropeptides in relation to osmoregulation. Finally, we expect that by stressing the relationship between gene expression and the electrical activity of MNCs, studies about the newly discovered plastic-regulated genes that code channels and transporters in the SON may emerge.
Identifiants
pubmed: 35685279
doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.887779
pii: 887779
pmc: PMC9171026
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Pagination
887779Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2022 Mecawi, Varanda and da Silva.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a conflict of interest.
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