Malaria mosquitoes acquire and allocate cattle urine to enhance life history traits.
Journal
Malaria journal
ISSN: 1475-2875
Titre abrégé: Malar J
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101139802
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
11 Jun 2022
11 Jun 2022
Historique:
received:
07
01
2022
accepted:
10
05
2022
entrez:
11
6
2022
pubmed:
12
6
2022
medline:
15
6
2022
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Nutrient acquisition and allocation integrate foraging and life-history traits in insects. To compensate for the lack of a particular nutrient at different life stages, insects may acquire these through supplementary feeding, for example, on vertebrate secretions, in a process known as puddling. The mosquito Anopheles arabiensis emerges undernourished, and as such, requires nutrients for both metabolism and reproduction. The purpose of this study was to assess whether An. arabiensis engage in puddling on cattle urine to obtain nutrients to improve life history traits. To determine whether An. arabiensis are attracted to the odour of fresh, 24 h, 72 h and 168 h aged cattle urine, host-seeking and blood-fed (48 h post-blood meal) females were assayed in a Y-tube olfactometer, and gravid females assessed in an oviposition assay. Combined chemical and electrophysiological analyses were subsequently used to identify the bioactive compounds in all four age classes of cattle urine. Synthetic blends of bioactive compounds were evaluated in both Y-tube and field assays. To investigate the cattle urine, and its main nitrogenous compound, urea, as a potential supplementary diet for malaria vectors, feeding parameters and life history traits were measured. The proportion of female mosquitoes and the amount of cattle urine and urea imbibed, were assessed. Following feeding, females were evaluated for survival, tethered flight and reproduction. Host-seeking and blood-fed An. arabiensis were attracted to the natural and synthetic odour of fresh and aged cattle urine in both laboratory and field studies. Gravid females were indifferent in their response to cattle urine presence at oviposition sites. Host-seeking and blood-fed females actively imbibed cattle urine and urea, and allocated these resources according to life history trade-offs to flight, survival or reproduction, as a function of physiological state. Anopheles arabiensis acquire and allocate cattle urine to improve life history traits. Supplementary feeding on cattle urine affects vectorial capacity directly by increasing daily survival and vector density, as well as indirectly by altering flight activity, and thus should be considered in future models.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Nutrient acquisition and allocation integrate foraging and life-history traits in insects. To compensate for the lack of a particular nutrient at different life stages, insects may acquire these through supplementary feeding, for example, on vertebrate secretions, in a process known as puddling. The mosquito Anopheles arabiensis emerges undernourished, and as such, requires nutrients for both metabolism and reproduction. The purpose of this study was to assess whether An. arabiensis engage in puddling on cattle urine to obtain nutrients to improve life history traits.
METHODS
METHODS
To determine whether An. arabiensis are attracted to the odour of fresh, 24 h, 72 h and 168 h aged cattle urine, host-seeking and blood-fed (48 h post-blood meal) females were assayed in a Y-tube olfactometer, and gravid females assessed in an oviposition assay. Combined chemical and electrophysiological analyses were subsequently used to identify the bioactive compounds in all four age classes of cattle urine. Synthetic blends of bioactive compounds were evaluated in both Y-tube and field assays. To investigate the cattle urine, and its main nitrogenous compound, urea, as a potential supplementary diet for malaria vectors, feeding parameters and life history traits were measured. The proportion of female mosquitoes and the amount of cattle urine and urea imbibed, were assessed. Following feeding, females were evaluated for survival, tethered flight and reproduction.
RESULTS
RESULTS
Host-seeking and blood-fed An. arabiensis were attracted to the natural and synthetic odour of fresh and aged cattle urine in both laboratory and field studies. Gravid females were indifferent in their response to cattle urine presence at oviposition sites. Host-seeking and blood-fed females actively imbibed cattle urine and urea, and allocated these resources according to life history trade-offs to flight, survival or reproduction, as a function of physiological state.
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
Anopheles arabiensis acquire and allocate cattle urine to improve life history traits. Supplementary feeding on cattle urine affects vectorial capacity directly by increasing daily survival and vector density, as well as indirectly by altering flight activity, and thus should be considered in future models.
Identifiants
pubmed: 35690854
doi: 10.1186/s12936-022-04179-6
pii: 10.1186/s12936-022-04179-6
pmc: PMC9188207
doi:
Substances chimiques
Urea
8W8T17847W
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
180Informations de copyright
© 2022. The Author(s).
Références
J Insect Physiol. 2009 Jan;55(1):78-84
pubmed: 19028501
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010 Jul;83(1):33-7
pubmed: 20595474
Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2005 May;35(5):491-503
pubmed: 15804581
Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2019 Nov;114:103226
pubmed: 31446033
Med Vet Entomol. 2010 Sep;24(3):266-72
pubmed: 20572930
J Insect Physiol. 2010 Sep;56(9):1040-9
pubmed: 20206632
Malar J. 2006 Dec 19;5:125
pubmed: 17177993
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2011 Nov;61(Pt 11):2670-2675
pubmed: 21169462
J Vis Exp. 2015 Dec 10;(106):e53377
pubmed: 26709537
J Med Entomol. 1993 Nov;30(6):975-85
pubmed: 8271256
J Med Entomol. 1998 Sep;35(5):639-45
pubmed: 9775585
J Chem Ecol. 1996 Jun;22(6):1187-99
pubmed: 24225937
Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1954 Mar;48(1):58-74
pubmed: 13149120
Malar J. 2009 Apr 25;8:82
pubmed: 19393098
Front Microbiol. 2017 Aug 10;8:1483
pubmed: 28861046
BMC Infect Dis. 2010 Jun 15;10:172
pubmed: 20550680
J Med Entomol. 1994 Jul;31(4):618-22
pubmed: 7932610
Med Vet Entomol. 2013 Mar;27(1):77-85
pubmed: 22681479
Trends Parasitol. 2012 Mar;28(3):114-21
pubmed: 22300806
Naturwissenschaften. 2012 Sep;99(9):695-703
pubmed: 22842938
Parasit Vectors. 2011 Sep 26;4:184
pubmed: 21943071
J Exp Biol. 2014 Feb 15;217(Pt 4):598-604
pubmed: 24198270
J Exp Biol. 1967 Dec;47(3):503-11
pubmed: 5592417
J Microbiol Methods. 2011 Oct;87(1):111-3
pubmed: 21741416
Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 2017 May;92(2):1241-1249
pubmed: 27145528
J Physiol. 1965 Dec;181(3):478-86
pubmed: 5880372
Sci Rep. 2016 Nov 30;6:37930
pubmed: 27901056
J Vector Ecol. 2013 Dec;38(2):289-94
pubmed: 24581357
Proc Biol Sci. 2016 Jul 13;283(1834):
pubmed: 27412285
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Feb 19;105(7):2498-503
pubmed: 18268352
J Med Entomol. 1996 Jul;33(4):613-8
pubmed: 8699456
J Insect Physiol. 2003 Jun;49(6):591-601
pubmed: 12804719
Animal. 2013 Jun;7 Suppl 2:292-302
pubmed: 23739471
Malar J. 2013 Oct 11;12:365
pubmed: 24120083