A lifelong duty: how Xist maintains the inactive X chromosome.
Journal
Current opinion in genetics & development
ISSN: 1879-0380
Titre abrégé: Curr Opin Genet Dev
Pays: England
ID NLM: 9111375
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
08 2022
08 2022
Historique:
received:
21
01
2022
revised:
10
05
2022
accepted:
14
05
2022
pubmed:
20
6
2022
medline:
17
8
2022
entrez:
19
6
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Female eutherians transcriptionally silence one X chromosome to balance gene dosage between the sexes. X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) is initiated by the lncRNA Xist, which assembles many proteins within the inactive X chromosome (Xi) to trigger gene silencing and heterochromatin formation. It is well established that gene silencing on the Xi is maintained through repressive epigenetic processes, including histone deacetylation and DNA methylation. Recent studies revealed a new mechanism where RNA-binding proteins that interact directly with the RNA contribute to the maintenance of Xist localization and gene silencing. In addition, a surprising plasticity of the Xi was uncovered with many genes becoming upregulated upon experimental deletion of Xist. Intriguingly, immune cells normally lose Xist from the Xi, suggesting that thisXist dependence is utilized in vivo to dynamically regulate gene expression from the Xi. These new studies expose fundamental regulatory mechanisms for the chromatin association of RNAs, highlight the need for studying the maintenance of XCI and Xist localization in a gene- and cell-type-specific manner, and are likely to have clinical impact.
Identifiants
pubmed: 35717799
pii: S0959-437X(22)00036-3
doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2022.101927
pmc: PMC9472561
mid: NIHMS1832179
pii:
doi:
Substances chimiques
Chromatin
0
RNA, Long Noncoding
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
101927Subventions
Organisme : NIGMS NIH HHS
ID : P01 GM099134
Pays : United States
Organisme : NICHD NIH HHS
ID : R01 HD098387
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : R01 MH109166
Pays : United States
Organisme : Howard Hughes Medical Institute
Pays : United States
Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
Declaration of Competing Interest Noting declared
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