Microscopic anatomy of the upper aerodigestive tract in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina): Functional adaptations to swallowing.
Phoca vitulina
histology
phocid
rehabilitation
swallowing
upper aerodigestive tract
Journal
Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)
ISSN: 1932-8494
Titre abrégé: Anat Rec (Hoboken)
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101292775
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
05 2023
05 2023
Historique:
revised:
05
05
2022
received:
24
03
2022
accepted:
31
05
2022
medline:
14
4
2023
pubmed:
21
6
2022
entrez:
20
6
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Abandoned harbor seal pups (Phoca vitulina) are frequently recovered by rehabilitation centers and often require intensive nursing, gavage feeding and swallowing rehabilitation prior to anticipated release. Seal upper aerodigestive tract (UAT) histology descriptions relevant to deglutition are limited, impacting advances in rehabilitation practice. Therefore, we examined the histological characteristics of the harbor seal UAT to understand species-specific functional anatomy and characterize adaptations. To this end, we conducted gross dissections, compiled measurements and reviewed histologic features of the UAT structures of 14 preweaned harbor seal pups that died due to natural causes or were humanely euthanized. Representative samples for histologic evaluation included the tongue, salivary glands, epiglottis, and varying levels of the trachea and esophagus. Histologically, there was a prominent muscularis in the tongue with fewer lingual papillae types compared to humans. Abundant submucosal glands were observed in lateral and pharyngeal parts of the tongue and rostral parts of the esophagus. When compared to other mammalian species, there was a disproportionate increase in the amount of striated muscle throughout the length of the esophageal muscularis externa. This may indicate a lesser degree of autonomic control over the esophageal phase of swallowing in harbor seals. Our study represents the first detailed UAT histological descriptions for neonatal harbor seals. Collectively, these findings support specific anatomic and biomechanical adaptations relevant to suckling, prehension, and deglutition. This work will inform rehabilitation practices and guide future studies on swallowing physiology in harbor seals with potential applications to other pinniped and otariid species in rehabilitation settings.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
947-959Informations de copyright
© 2022 American Association for Anatomy.
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