Electronic Quantum Materials Simulated with Artificial Model Lattices.
Journal
ACS nanoscience Au
ISSN: 2694-2496
Titre abrégé: ACS Nanosci Au
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 9918316881006676
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
15 Jun 2022
15 Jun 2022
Historique:
received:
24
11
2021
revised:
24
01
2022
accepted:
28
01
2022
entrez:
21
6
2022
pubmed:
22
6
2022
medline:
22
6
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The band structure and electronic properties of a material are defined by the sort of elements, the atomic registry in the crystal, the dimensions, the presence of spin-orbit coupling, and the electronic interactions. In natural crystals, the interplay of these factors is difficult to unravel, since it is usually not possible to vary one of these factors in an independent way, keeping the others constant. In other words, a complete understanding of complex electronic materials remains challenging to date. The geometry of two- and one-dimensional crystals can be mimicked in artificial lattices. Moreover, geometries that do not exist in nature can be created for the sake of further insight. Such engineered artificial lattices can be better controlled and fine-tuned than natural crystals. This makes it easier to vary the lattice geometry, dimensions, spin-orbit coupling, and interactions independently from each other. Thus, engineering and characterization of artificial lattices can provide unique insights. In this Review, we focus on artificial lattices that are built atom-by-atom on atomically flat metals, using atomic manipulation in a scanning tunneling microscope. Cryogenic scanning tunneling microscopy allows for consecutive creation, microscopic characterization, and band-structure analysis by tunneling spectroscopy, amounting in the analogue quantum simulation of a given lattice type. We first review the physical elements of this method. We then discuss the creation and characterization of artificial atoms and molecules. For the lattices, we review works on honeycomb and Lieb lattices and lattices that result in crystalline topological insulators, such as the Kekulé and "breathing" kagome lattice. Geometric but nonperiodic structures such as electronic quasi-crystals and fractals are discussed as well. Finally, we consider the option to transfer the knowledge gained back to real materials, engineered by geometric patterning of semiconductor quantum wells.
Identifiants
pubmed: 35726276
doi: 10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.1c00054
pmc: PMC9204828
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Pagination
198-224Informations de copyright
© 2022 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare no competing financial interest.
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