Immunologic Biomarkers in Peripheral Blood of Persons With Tuberculosis and Advanced HIV.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a common opportunistic infection among people living with HIV. Diagnostic tests such as culture, Xpert-MTB-RIF, and ULTRA have low sensitivity in paucibacillary TB disease; a blood biomarker could improve TB diagnostic capabilities. We assessed soluble factors to identify biomarkers associated with TB among persons with advanced HIV. A case-control (1:1) study was conducted, with participants from Rio de Janeiro and Manaus, Brazil. People living with HIV presenting with CD4 count ≤100 cells/mm3 were eligible to participate. Cases had culture-confirmed TB (N=15) (positive for Median CD4 count and HIV-1 RNA load values were similar between groups at all timepoints. Persons with TB had lower body mass index (BMI) (median=19.6, Interquartile Range [IQR]=18.6-22.3) than controls (23.7; IQR: 21.8 = 25.5, p=0.004). TB coinfection was also associated with increased frequency of other comorbidities. The overall profile of plasma cytokines, chemokines and growth factors were distinct between the study groups at all timepoints. Plasma concentrations of IL-15 and IL-10 were on average lower in TB cases than in controls. When used in combination, such markers were able to discriminate between TB cases and controls with the highest degree of accuracy at each study timepoint. Among persons with advanced HIV, plasma concentrations of IL-15 and IL-10 can be used in combination to identify TB disease regardless of time on anti-TB treatment.

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Copyright © 2022 Queiroz, Araújo-Pereira, Barreto-Duarte, Gomes-Silva, Costa, Andrade, Miguez-Pinto, Spener-Gomes, Souza, Benjamin, Sant’Anna, Figueiredo, Mave, Salgame, Ellner, Sterling, Cordeiro-dos-Santos, Andrade and Rolla.

Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.