Treatment of Hyperhidrosis: An Update.
Journal
American journal of clinical dermatology
ISSN: 1179-1888
Titre abrégé: Am J Clin Dermatol
Pays: New Zealand
ID NLM: 100895290
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Sep 2022
Sep 2022
Historique:
accepted:
31
05
2022
pubmed:
1
7
2022
medline:
14
9
2022
entrez:
30
6
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Hyperhidrosis is a dermatosis presenting as pathologically excessive focal or generalized sweating. The stigmatizing nature of hyperhidrosis may cause patients to feel embarrassment and apprehension about their symptoms and experience a significant decrease in well-being. Severe cases of hyperhidrosis can also increase the risk of developing psychiatric and somatic comorbidities. Conventional non-surgical treatments of hyperhidrosis include aluminum salts, iontophoresis, botulinum toxin injections, and oral glycopyrronium. In recent years, new topical anticholinergic medications and devices have emerged that may improve the patients' symptoms and even prevent the development of comorbidities. The treatment of hyperhidrosis can be a complex matter and may require the combination of several therapies. The purpose of this paper was to firstly review the literature on existing non-surgical treatment options for hyperhidrosis, and secondly provide a stepwise approach to investigating and treating patients with hyperhidrosis.
Identifiants
pubmed: 35773437
doi: 10.1007/s40257-022-00707-x
pii: 10.1007/s40257-022-00707-x
doi:
Substances chimiques
Botulinum Toxins, Type A
EC 3.4.24.69
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
635-646Subventions
Organisme : LEO Fondet
ID : LF18002
Informations de copyright
© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Références
Hornberger J, Grimes K, Naumann M, Glaser DA, Lowe NJ, Naver H, et al. Recognition, diagnosis, and treatment of primary focal hyperhidrosis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2004;51(2):274–86.
pubmed: 15280848
doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2003.12.029
Li X, Chen R, Tu YR, Lin M, Lai FC, Li YP, et al. Epidemiological survey of primary palmar hyperhidrosis in adolescents. Chin Med J (Engl). 2007;120(24):2215–7.
doi: 10.1097/00029330-200712020-00011
Tu YR, Li X, Lin M, Lai FC, Li YP, Chen JF, et al. Epidemiological survey of primary palmar hyperhidrosis in adolescent in Fuzhou of People’s Republic of China. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2007;31(4):737–9.
pubmed: 17314049
doi: 10.1016/j.ejcts.2007.01.020
Gross KM, Schote AB, Schneider KK, Schulz A, Meyer J. Elevated social stress levels and depressive symptoms in primary hyperhidrosis. PLoS One. 2014;9(3): e92412.
pubmed: 24647796
pmcid: 3960246
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092412
Henning MAS, Ibler KS, Loft I, Ostrowski SR, Erikstrup C, Nielsen KR, et al. The health-related quality of life in hyperhidrosis and co-morbidities. Qual Life Res; 2022.
Deckers IE, Kimball AB. The handicap of hidradenitis suppurativa. Dermatol Clin. 2016;34(1):17–22.
pubmed: 26617353
doi: 10.1016/j.det.2015.07.003
Kristensen JK, Grejsen D, Swartling C, Bygum A. In hyperhidrosis quality of life is even worse than in acne, eczema, or psoriasis. A comparison of Skindex-16 and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). Int J Dermatol. 2020.
Shayesteh A, Janlert U, Nylander E. Hyperhidrosis—sweating sites matter: quality of life in primary hyperhidrosis according to the sweating sites measured by SF-36. Dermatology. 2017;233(6):441–5.
pubmed: 29502112
doi: 10.1159/000486713
Henning MAS, Ibler KS, Ostrowski SR, Erikstrup C, Nielsen KR, Bruun MT, et al. Hyperhidrosis and the risk of being treated for skin infections. J Dermatol Treat. 2021:1–7.
Lessa Lda R, Luz FB, De Rezende RM, Duraes SM, Harrison BJ, De Menezes GB, et al. The psychiatric facet of hyperhidrosis: demographics, disability, quality of life, and associated psychopathology. J Psychiatr Pract. 2014;20(4):316–23.
pubmed: 25036589
doi: 10.1097/01.pra.0000452570.69578.31
Bahar R, Zhou P, Liu Y, Huang Y, Phillips A, Lee TK, et al. The prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients with or without hyperhidrosis (HH). J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016;75(6):1126–33.
pubmed: 27567033
doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.07.001
Walling HW. Primary hyperhidrosis increases the risk of cutaneous infection: a case–control study of 387 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009;61(2):242–6.
pubmed: 19395123
doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2009.02.038
Doolittle J, Walker P, Mills T, Thurston J. Hyperhidrosis: an update on prevalence and severity in the United States. Arch Dermatol Res. 2016;308(10):743–9.
pubmed: 27744497
pmcid: 5099353
doi: 10.1007/s00403-016-1697-9
Obed D, Salim M, Bingoel AS, Hofmann TR, Vogt PM, Krezdorn N. Botulinum toxin versus placebo: a meta-analysis of treatment and quality-of-life outcomes for hyperhidrosis. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2021;45(4):1783–91.
pubmed: 33619611
pmcid: 8316174
doi: 10.1007/s00266-021-02140-7
Parrish C, Waldbaum B, Coleman D, Blevins C, Rodgers K, Lee B, et al. Microwave thermolysis reduces generalized and social anxiety in young adults with axillary hyperhidrosis. Lasers Surg Med. 2020;52(9):842–7.
pubmed: 32175622
doi: 10.1002/lsm.23229
Hu Y, Converse C, Lyons MC, Hsu WH. Neural control of sweat secretion: a review. Br J Dermatol. 2018;178(6):1246–56.
pubmed: 28714085
doi: 10.1111/bjd.15808
Wade R, Llewellyn A, Jones-Diette J, Wright K, Rice S, Layton AM, et al. Interventional management of hyperhidrosis in secondary care: a systematic review. Br J Dermatol. 2018;179(3):599–608.
pubmed: 29573391
doi: 10.1111/bjd.16558
Pariser DM, Hebert AA, Drew J, Quiring J, Gopalan R, Glaser DA. Topical glycopyrronium tosylate for the treatment of primary axillary hyperhidrosis: patient-reported outcomes from the ATMOS-1 and ATMOS-2 Phase III randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2019;20(1):135–45.
pubmed: 30378087
doi: 10.1007/s40257-018-0395-0
Glaser DA, Hebert AA, Nast A, Werschler WP, Green L, Mamelok R, et al. Topical glycopyrronium tosylate for the treatment of primary axillary hyperhidrosis: results from the ATMOS-1 and ATMOS-2 phase 3 randomized controlled trials. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019;80(1):128-38.e2.
pubmed: 30003988
doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.07.002
Fujimoto T, Abe Y, Igarashi M, Ishikoh A, Omi T, Kanda H, et al. A phase III, 52-week, open-label study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of 5% sofpironium bromide (BBI-4000) gel in Japanese patients with primary axillary hyperhidrosis. J Dermatol. 2021;48(8):1149–61.
pubmed: 34041788
pmcid: 8453842
doi: 10.1111/1346-8138.15927
Gregoriou S, Sidiropoulou P, Kontochristopoulos G, Rigopoulos D. Management strategies of palmar hyperhidrosis: challenges and solutions. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2019;12:733–44.
pubmed: 31632121
pmcid: 6781850
doi: 10.2147/CCID.S210973
Lueangarun S, Sermsilp C, Tempark T. Topical botulinum toxin type A liposomal cream for primary axillary hyperhidrosis: a double-blind, randomized, split-site, vehicle-controlled study. Dermatol Surg. 2018;44(8):1094–101.
pubmed: 29659406
doi: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000001532
Glaser DA, Coleman WP 3rd, Fan LK, Kaminer MS, Kilmer SL, Nossa R, et al. A randomized, blinded clinical evaluation of a novel microwave device for treating axillary hyperhidrosis: the dermatologic reduction in underarm perspiration study. Dermatol Surg. 2012;38(2):185–91.
pubmed: 22289389
doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2011.02250.x
Leclère FM, Moreno-Moraga J, Alcolea JM, Vogt PM, Royo J, Cornejo P, et al. Efficacy and safety of laser therapy on axillary hyperhidrosis after one year follow-up: a randomized blinded controlled trial. Lasers Surg Med. 2015;47(2):173–9.
pubmed: 25663083
doi: 10.1002/lsm.22324
Letada PR, Landers JT, Uebelhoer NS, Shumaker PR. Treatment of focal axillary hyperhidrosis using a long-pulsed Nd:YAG 1064 nm laser at hair reduction settings. J Drugs Dermatol. 2012;11(1):59–63.
pubmed: 22206078
Fatemi Naeini F, Abtahi-Naeini B, Pourazizi M, Nilforoushzadeh MA, Mirmohammadkhani M. Fractionated microneedle radiofrequency for treatment of primary axillary hyperhidrosis: a sham control study. Australas J Dermatol. 2015;56(4):279–84.
pubmed: 25496000
doi: 10.1111/ajd.12260
Swaile DF, Elstun LT, Benzing KW. Clinical studies of sweat rate reduction by an over-the-counter soft-solid antiperspirant and comparison with a prescription antiperspirant product in male panelists. Br J Dermatol. 2012;166(Suppl 1):22–6.
pubmed: 22385032
doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10786.x
Thianboonsong T, Kanokrungsee S, Paichitrojjana A, Udompataikul M, Kamanamool N, Rojhirunsakool S. Efficacy and tolerability of 20% aluminum sesquichlorohydrate vs 20% aluminum chloride for the treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis: a randomized controlled trial. Dermatol Ther. 2020;33(6): e14354.
pubmed: 32990370
doi: 10.1111/dth.14354
Streker M, Reuther T, Verst S, Kerscher M. Axillary hyperhidrosis–efficacy and tolerability of an aluminium chloride antiperspirant. Prospective evaluation on 20 patients with idiopathic axillary hyperhidrosis. Hautarzt. 2010;61(2):139–44.
pubmed: 19953218
doi: 10.1007/s00105-009-1841-y
Flanagan KH, Glaser DA. An open-label trial of the efficacy of 15% aluminum chloride in 2% salicylic acid gel base in the treatment of moderate-to-severe primary axillary hyperhidrosis. J Drugs Dermatol. 2009;8(5):477–80.
pubmed: 19537371
Streker M, Reuther T, Hagen L, Kerscher M. Hyperhidrosis plantaris—a randomized, half-side trial for efficacy and safety of an antiperspirant containing different concentrations of aluminium chloride. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2012;10(2):115–9.
pubmed: 21848980
Masur C, Soeberdt M, Kilic A, Knie U, Abels C. Safety and efficacy of topical formulations containing 0·5, 1 and 2% glycopyrronium bromide in patients with primary axillary hyperhidrosis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Br J Dermatol. 2020;182(1):229–31.
pubmed: 31218668
Abels C, Soeberdt M, Kilic A, Reich H, Knie U, Jourdan C, et al. A glycopyrronium bromide 1% cream for topical treatment of primary axillary hyperhidrosis: efficacy and safety results from a phase IIIa randomized controlled trial. Br J Dermatol. 2021;185(2):315–22.
pubmed: 33445205
pmcid: 8451866
doi: 10.1111/bjd.19810
Hyun MY, Son IP, Lee Y, Choi HG, Park KY, Li K, et al. Efficacy and safety of topical glycopyrrolate in patients with facial hyperhidrosis: a randomized, multicentre, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, split-face study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2015;29(2):278–82.
pubmed: 24909188
doi: 10.1111/jdv.12518
Hebert AA, Glaser DA, Green L, Werschler WP, Forsha DW, Drew J, et al. Glycopyrronium tosylate in pediatric primary axillary hyperhidrosis: post hoc analysis of efficacy and safety findings by age from two phase three randomized controlled trials. Pediatr Dermatol. 2019;36(1):89–99.
pubmed: 30451318
doi: 10.1111/pde.13723
Glaser DA, Hebert AA, Nast A, Werschler WP, Green L, Mamelok RD, et al. A 44-week open-label study evaluating safety and efficacy of topical glycopyrronium tosylate in patients with primary axillary hyperhidrosis. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2019;20(4):593–604.
pubmed: 31111409
pmcid: 6687675
doi: 10.1007/s40257-019-00446-6
Hebert AA, Glaser DA, Green L, Hull C, Cather J, Drew J, et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of topical glycopyrronium tosylate for the treatment of primary axillary hyperhidrosis: post hoc pediatric subgroup analysis from a 44-week open-label extension study. Pediatr Dermatol. 2020;37(3):490–7.
pubmed: 32147881
pmcid: 7383486
doi: 10.1111/pde.14135
Yokozeki H, Fujimoto T, Wanatabe S, Ogawa S, Fujii C. Topical glycopyrronium tosylate in Japanese patients with primary axillary hyperhidrosis: a randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled study. J Dermatol. 2022;49(1):86–94.
pubmed: 34636057
doi: 10.1111/1346-8138.16188
Kirsch B, Smith S, Cohen J, DuBois J, Green L, Baumann L, et al. Efficacy and safety of topical sofpironium bromide gel for the treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis: a phase II, randomized, controlled, double-blinded trial. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020;82(6):1321–7.
pubmed: 32068049
doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.02.016
Yokozeki H, Fujimoto T, Abe Y, Igarashi M, Ishikoh A, Omi T, et al. A phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled, parallel-group study of 5% sofpironium bromide (BBI-4000) gel in Japanese patients with primary axillary hyperhidrosis. J Dermatol. 2021;48(3):279–88.
pubmed: 33410265
pmcid: 7986147
doi: 10.1111/1346-8138.15668
Artzi O, Loizides C, Zur E, Sprecher E. Topical oxybutynin 10% gel for the treatment of primary focal hyperhidrosis: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled split area study. Acta Derm Venereol. 2017;97(9):1120–4.
pubmed: 28654131
doi: 10.2340/00015555-2731
Millán-Cayetano JF, Del Boz J, Toledo-Pastrana T, Nieto-Guindo M, García-Montero P, de Troya-Martín M. Initial study of transdermal oxybutynin for treating hyperhidrosis. J Dermatol. 2017;44(6):717–20.
pubmed: 28106275
doi: 10.1111/1346-8138.13748
Gollins CE, Carpenter A, Steen C, Bulinski H, Mahendran R. A retrospective analysis of the use of tap water iontophoresis for focal hyperhidrosis at a district general hospital: the patients’ perspective. J Dermatolog Treat. 2019;30(7):724–6.
pubmed: 30646797
doi: 10.1080/09546634.2019.1569751
Choi YH, Lee SJ, Kim DW, Lee WJ, Na GY. Open clinical trial for evaluation of efficacy and safety of a portable “dry-type” iontophoretic device in treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis. Dermatol Surg. 2013;39(4):578–83.
pubmed: 23379993
doi: 10.1111/dsu.12099
Dolianitis C, Scarff CE, Kelly J, Sinclair R. Iontophoresis with glycopyrrolate for the treatment of palmoplantar hyperhidrosis. Australas J Dermatol. 2004;45(4):208–12.
pubmed: 15527429
doi: 10.1111/j.1440-0960.2004.00098.x
Shimizu H, Tamada Y, Shimizu J, Ohshima Y, Matsumoto Y, Sugenoya J. Effectiveness of iontophoresis with alternating current (AC) in the treatment of patients with palmoplantar hyperhidrosis. J Dermatol. 2003;30(6):444–9.
pubmed: 12810991
doi: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2003.tb00414.x
Rajagopal R, Mallya NB. Comparative evaluation of botulinum toxin versus iontophoresis with topical aluminium chloride hexahydrate in treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis. Med J Armed Forces India. 2014;70(3):247–52.
pubmed: 25378778
pmcid: 4213906
doi: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2014.01.008
Montaser-Kouhsari L, Zartab H, Fanian F, Noorian N, Sadr B, Nassiri-Kashani M, et al. Comparison of intradermal injection with iontophoresis of abobotulinum toxin A for the treatment of primary axillary hyperhidrosis: a randomized, controlled trial. J Dermatolog Treat. 2014;25(4):337–41.
pubmed: 23106157
doi: 10.3109/09546634.2012.739679
Wachal K, Bućko W, Staniszewski R, Majewska N, Błaszak M. Original paperEstimating the subjective efficiency after treatment of upper extremity hyperhidrosis using various methods. Adv Dermatol Allergol Postępy Dermatol Alergol. 2009;26(6):501–5.
Chia HY, Tan AS, Chong WS, Tey HL. Efficacy of iontophoresis with glycopyrronium bromide for treatment of primary palmar hyperhidrosis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2012;26(9):1167–70.
pubmed: 21812834
doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.04197.x
Solish N, Bertucci V, Dansereau A, Hong HC, Lynde C, Lupin M, et al. A comprehensive approach to the recognition, diagnosis, and severity-based treatment of focal hyperhidrosis: recommendations of the Canadian Hyperhidrosis Advisory Committee. Dermatol Surg. 2007;33(8):908–23.
pubmed: 17661933
Glaser DA, Pariser DM, Hebert AA, Landells I, Somogyi C, Weng E, et al. A prospective, nonrandomized, open-label study of the efficacy and safety of OnabotulinumtoxinA in adolescents with primary axillary hyperhidrosis. Pediatr Dermatol. 2015;32(5):609–17.
pubmed: 26059781
pmcid: 4744704
doi: 10.1111/pde.12620
Flanagan KH, King R, Glaser DA. Botulinum toxin type a versus topical 20% aluminum chloride for the treatment of moderate to severe primary focal axillary hyperhidrosis. J Drugs Dermatol. 2008;7(3):221–7.
pubmed: 18380203
Basciani M, Di Rienzo F, Bizzarrini M, Zanchi M, Copetti M, Intiso D. Efficacy of botulinum toxin type B for the treatment of primary palmar hyperhidrosis: a prospective, open, single-blind, multi-centre study. Arch Dermatol Res. 2014;306(5):497–503.
pubmed: 24522897
Cabreus P, Swartling C, Rystedt A. Postmenopausal craniofacial hyperhidrosis treated with botulinum toxin type B. J Dermatol. 2019;46(10):874–8.
pubmed: 31373068
doi: 10.1111/1346-8138.15029
Kim WO, Kil HK, Yoon KB, Noh KU. Botulinum toxin: a treatment for compensatory hyperhidrosis in the trunk. Dermatol Surg. 2009;35(5):833–8 (discussion 8).
pubmed: 19389096
doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2009.01140.x
Licht PB, Pilegaard HK. Severity of compensatory sweating after thoracoscopic sympathectomy. Ann Thorac Surg. 2004;78(2):427–31.
pubmed: 15276490
doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2004.02.087
Adefusika JA, Brewer JD. OnabotulinumtoxinA therapy for compensatory hyperhidrosis. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2013;12(3):232–4.
pubmed: 23992165
doi: 10.1111/jocd.12049
Belin EE, Polo J. Treatment of compensatory hyperhidrosis with botulinum toxin type A. Cutis. 2003;71(1):68–70.
pubmed: 12553633
Efthymiou CA, Thorpe JA. Compensatory hyperhidrosis: a consequence of truncal sympathectomy treated by video assisted application of botulinum toxin and reoperation. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2008;33(6):1157–8.
pubmed: 18450468
doi: 10.1016/j.ejcts.2008.03.033
Bechara FG, Sand M, Moussa G, Sand D, Altmeyer P, Hoffmann K, et al. Treatment of unilateral compensatory sweating after endoscopical thoracic sympathectomy for general hyperhidrosis with botulinum toxin A. Dermatol Surg. 2006;32(5):745–8.
pubmed: 16706774
Hexsel D, Soirefmann M, Porto MD, Schilling-Souza J, Siega C. Fields of anhidrotic effects of abobotulinumtoxinA in patients with compensatory hyperhidrosis. Dermatol Surg. 2015;41(Suppl 1):S93-100.
pubmed: 25548853
doi: 10.1097/01.DSS.0000452649.99141.69
Junsuwan N, Manuskiatti W, Phothong W, Wanitphakdeedecha R. Fractional CO(2) laser-assisted Botulinum toxin type A delivery for the treatment of primary palmar hyperhidrosis. Lasers Med Sci. 2021;36(1):233–6.
pubmed: 32557001
doi: 10.1007/s10103-020-03064-5
Agamia NF, Sobhy N, Abd-Elraouf A, Tawfik A. Fractional CO
pubmed: 33337732
doi: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000002901
Issa MC, Torreão PS, Boechat M, Luiz R. Early investigations in drug delivery of onabotulinum toxin A using combined fractional ablative laser with impact ultrasound vs. injections of onabotulinum toxin A for palmar hyperhidrosis: a right-left comparison trial. Br J Dermatol. 2018;179(5):1168–9.
pubmed: 29758090
doi: 10.1111/bjd.16781
Wolosker N, de Campos JRM, Kauffman P, Puech-Leão P. A randomized placebo-controlled trial of oxybutynin for the initial treatment of palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis. J Vasc Surg. 2012;55(6):1696–700.
pubmed: 22341836
doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2011.12.039
Schollhammer M, Brenaut E, Menard-Andivot N, Pillette-Delarue M, Zagnoli A, Chassain-Le Lay M, et al. Oxybutynin as a treatment for generalized hyperhidrosis: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Br J Dermatol. 2015;173(5):1163–8.
pubmed: 26114588
doi: 10.1111/bjd.13973
Wolosker N, Schvartsman C, Krutman M, Campbell TP, Kauffman P, de Campos JR, et al. Efficacy and quality of life outcomes of oxybutynin for treating palmar hyperhidrosis in children younger than 14 years old. Pediatr Dermatol. 2014;31(1):48–53.
pubmed: 23627681
doi: 10.1111/pde.12142
Wolosker N, Teivelis MP, Krutman M, de Paula RP, de Campos JR, Kauffman P, et al. Long-term results of oxybutynin treatment for palmar hyperhidrosis. Clin Auton Res. 2014;24(6):297–303.
pubmed: 25427685
doi: 10.1007/s10286-014-0264-8
Wolosker N, Teivelis MP, Krutman M, de Paula RP, Kauffman P, de Campos JR, et al. Long-term results of the use of oxybutynin for the treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis. Ann Vasc Surg. 2014;28(5):1106–12.
pubmed: 24512855
doi: 10.1016/j.avsg.2013.12.024
Müller C, Berensmeier A, Hamm H, Dirschka T, Reich K, Fischer T, et al. Efficacy and safety of methantheline bromide (Vagantin(®) ) in axillary and palmar hyperhidrosis: results from a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2013;27(10):1278–84.
pubmed: 23004926
Kaminaka C, Mikita N, Inaba Y, Kunimoto K, Okuhira H, Jinnin M, et al. Clinical and histological evaluation of a single high energy microwave treatment for primary axillary hyperhidrosis in Asians: a prospective, randomized, controlled, split-area comparative trial. Lasers Surg Med. 2019;51(7):592–9.
pubmed: 30811620
doi: 10.1002/lsm.23073
Rummaneethorn P, Chalermchai T. A comparative study between intradermal botulinum toxin A and fractional microneedle radiofrequency (FMR) for the treatment of primary axillary hyperhidrosis. Lasers Med Sci. 2020;35(5):1179–84.
pubmed: 31939036
doi: 10.1007/s10103-020-02958-8
Henning MAS, Ibler KS, Loft I, Ullum H, Erikstrup C, Nielsen KR, et al. Epidemiology of hyperhidrosis in danish blood donors. Acta Derm Venereol. 2021;101(4):adv00435.
pubmed: 33734420
doi: 10.2340/00015555-3790
Henning M, Ibler K, Loft I, Jennum P, Didriksen M, Ullum H, et al. Hyperhidrosis is associated with sleep disturbances, daytime tiredness, stress, and depression: a retrospective cohort study from the Danish Blood Donor Study. J Am Acad Dermatol.
McConaghy JR, Fosselman D. Hyperhidrosis: management options. Am Fam Physician. 2018;97(11):729–34.
pubmed: 30215934
Solish MJ, Savinova I, Weinberg MJ. A practical approach to the diagnosis and treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2022;10(3): e4172.
pubmed: 35265447
pmcid: 8901220
doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000004172
Ooi K. The pitfalls of overtreatment: why more care is not necessarily beneficial. Asian Bioeth Rev. 2020;12(4):399–417.
pubmed: 33717342
pmcid: 7747436
doi: 10.1007/s41649-020-00145-z