Illustrated Protocols to Improve Undergraduate Student Research Independence.

One big challenge for undergraduate research students is gaining independence in the laboratory. In this curricular project, undergraduate students transformed research protocols developed for experienced scientists into protocols understandable to someone new to a laboratory. This process enabled themselves and other students to more quickly learn and master new techniques and advance to independent projects. Typically, students started with an original research protocol that assumed basic knowledge, such as instructions that came with a kit (i.e. plasmid purification kit instructions). Students created notes that explained the purpose of each step and reagent and provided example calculations. Then students illustrated the protocols with photos of materials needed, equipment used, action shots of difficult steps and screenshots of software programs. This approach has been used by students in laboratory courses and by new independent research students learning laboratory techniques. In the laboratory courses where students contributed to this project as part of a writing assignment, additional professional experience was gained by presenting a talk about their completed Illustrated Protocols to their classmates and by creating group posters that were presented at an undergraduate research symposium. After completion of this activity, undergraduate students gained confidence by applying their new knowledge to create user-friendly protocols. Students reported increased understanding of what is happening in each step, while instructors reported increased student independence and confidence that the protocol was being applied correctly and consistently. Thus, designing Illustrated Protocols enhanced learning and independence for the students creating the protocol and provided valuable help for future students.