Machine learning for groundwater pollution source identification and monitoring network optimization.

The identification of the source in groundwater pollution is the only way to drastically deal with resulting environmental problems. This can only be achieved by an appropriate monitoring network, the optimization of which is prerequisite for the solution of the inverse modeling problem, i.e., identifying the source of the pollutant on the basis of measurements taken within the pollution field. For this reason, a theoretical confined aquifer with two pumping wells and six suspected sources is studied. Simulations of combinations of possible source locations, and hydraulic parameters, produce sets of measurement features for a 29 × 29 grid representing potential monitoring wells. Three sets of simulations are conducted to produce synthetic datasets, representing different groundwater pollution modeling methods. Features (input- The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00521-022-07507-8.

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Conflict of interestThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.