Neuroimmune Dysregulation in Prepubertal and Adolescent Individuals Affected by Klinefelter Syndrome.
BDNF
Klinefelter syndrome
NGF
gender
interleukin
neuroinflammation
oxidative stress
Journal
Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets
ISSN: 2212-3873
Titre abrégé: Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets
Pays: United Arab Emirates
ID NLM: 101269157
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2023
2023
Historique:
received:
25
11
2021
revised:
31
03
2022
accepted:
01
04
2022
pubmed:
8
7
2022
medline:
10
3
2023
entrez:
7
7
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The syndrome Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is a genetic disorder due to an extra X chromosome in males. Many cases remain undiagnosed until the onset of major manifestations, which include hypergonadotropic hypogonadism and infertility. This condition is associated with many comorbidities that involve the cardiovascular, endocrine, and immune systems. Last but not the least, individuals with KS show a high risk of developing psychiatric and mood disorders in adult age. While many studies are accessible on KS in adult individuals, the neuroinflammatory condition in adolescent and prepubertal KS individuals is not fully known. Our study aims to evaluate in prepubertal and adolescent KS individuals, for the first time, the levels of the serum of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), cytokines having subtle roles in oxidative processes, and neuroinflammation with respect to the levels of TNF-α, TGF-β, MCP-1, IL-1α, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12 and oxidative stress by employing free oxygen radicals defense and free oxygen radicals test. We found no changes in NGF and oxidative stress parameters, but BDNF decreased compared to healthy children. Quite interestingly, our data showed reduced levels of IL-2, IL-1α, IL- 12, IL-10, and IL-6 in prepubertal KS children. The present study discloses disrupted immune system and neurotrophin pathways in KS children.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
The syndrome Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is a genetic disorder due to an extra X chromosome in males. Many cases remain undiagnosed until the onset of major manifestations, which include hypergonadotropic hypogonadism and infertility. This condition is associated with many comorbidities that involve the cardiovascular, endocrine, and immune systems. Last but not the least, individuals with KS show a high risk of developing psychiatric and mood disorders in adult age.
OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
While many studies are accessible on KS in adult individuals, the neuroinflammatory condition in adolescent and prepubertal KS individuals is not fully known.
METHODS
METHODS
Our study aims to evaluate in prepubertal and adolescent KS individuals, for the first time, the levels of the serum of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), cytokines having subtle roles in oxidative processes, and neuroinflammation with respect to the levels of TNF-α, TGF-β, MCP-1, IL-1α, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12 and oxidative stress by employing free oxygen radicals defense and free oxygen radicals test.
RESULTS
RESULTS
We found no changes in NGF and oxidative stress parameters, but BDNF decreased compared to healthy children. Quite interestingly, our data showed reduced levels of IL-2, IL-1α, IL- 12, IL-10, and IL-6 in prepubertal KS children.
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSIONS
The present study discloses disrupted immune system and neurotrophin pathways in KS children.
Identifiants
pubmed: 35794745
pii: EMIDDT-EPUB-124968
doi: 10.2174/1871530322666220704101310
doi:
Substances chimiques
Interleukin-10
130068-27-8
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
0
Interleukin-2
0
Interleukin-6
0
Nerve Growth Factor
9061-61-4
Reactive Oxygen Species
0
Interleukin-12
187348-17-0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
105-114Informations de copyright
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