Diagnosis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis in High-Resolution Computed Tomography Scans Using a Combination of Handcrafted Radiomics and Deep Learning.

To develop handcrafted radiomics (HCR) and deep learning (DL) based automated diagnostic tools that can differentiate between idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and non-IPF interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) in patients using high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans. In this retrospective study, 474 HRCT scans were included (mean age, 64.10 years ± 9.57 [SD]). Five-fold cross-validation was performed on 365 HRCT scans. Furthermore, an external dataset comprising 109 patients was used as a test set. An HCR model, a DL model, and an ensemble of HCR and DL model were developed. A virtual In five-fold cross-validation, the HCR model, DL model, and the ensemble of HCR and DL models achieved accuracies of 76.2 ± 6.8, 77.9 ± 4.6, and 85.2 ± 2.7%, respectively. For the diagnosis of IPF and non-IPF ILDs on the external test set, the HCR, DL, and the ensemble of HCR and DL models achieved accuracies of 76.1, 77.9, and 85.3%, respectively. The ensemble model outperformed the diagnostic performance of clinicians who achieved a mean accuracy of 66.3 ± 6.7% ( Deep learning and HCR models can complement each other and serve as useful clinical aids for the diagnosis of IPF and non-IPF ILDs.

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Copyright © 2022 Refaee, Salahuddin, Frix, Yan, Wu, Woodruff, Gietema, Meunier, Louis, Guiot and Lambin.

Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts

PL reports, as non-practicing MD, in the last 3 years, within and outside the submitted work, grants/sponsored research agreements from Radiomics SA, Convert Pharmaceuticals and LivingMed Biotech. PL received a presenter fee (in cash or in kind) and/or reimbursement of travel costs/consultancy fee (in cash or in kind) from Radiomics SA, BHV, Varian, Elekta, ptTheragnostic/DNAmito, BMS, and Convert pharmaceuticals. PL has minority shares in the companies Radiomics SA, Convert pharmaceuticals, Comunicare, and LivingMed Biotech, and he is co-inventor of two issued patents with royalties on radiomics (PCT/NL2014/050248 and PCT/NL2014/050728), licensed to Radiomics SA; one issued patent on mtDNA (PCT/EP2014/059089), licensed to ptTheragnostic/DNAmito; one non-issued patent on LSRT (PCT/P126537PC00), licensed to Varian; three non-patented inventions (softwares) licensed to ptTheragnostic/DNAmito, Radiomics SA and Health Innovation Ventures and two non-issued, non-licensed patents on Deep Learning-Radiomics (N2024482, N2024889). PL confirms that none of the above entities or funding sources were involved in the preparation of this manuscript. JG reports personal fees for advisory board, work and lectures from Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssens, SMB, GSK, Roche and Chiesi, non-financial support for meeting attendance from Chiesi, Roche, Boehringer Ingelheim and Janssens. He is in the permanent SAB of Radiomics (Oncoradiomics SA) for the SALMON trial without any specific consultancy fee for this work. He is co-inventor of one issued patent on radiomics licensed to Radiomics (Oncoradiomics SA). He confirms that none of the above entities or funding was involved in the preparation of this work. HW has minority shares in the company Radiomics SA. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.