Prevalence and correlates of depression and substance use disorders in emergency department populations: A cross-sectional study at East Africa's largest public hospital.

There are persistent gaps in screening, identification, and access to care for common mental disorders in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. An initial step towards reducing this gap is identifying the prevalence, co-morbidities, and context of these disorders in different clinical settings and exploring opportunities for intervention. This study evaluates the prevalence and correlates of depression and substance use disorders among adults presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) of a major national hospital in East Africa. This study utilized the World Health Organization's STEPwise Approach to Surveillance (WHO-STEPS) tool and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to conduct a cross-sectional survey capturing socio-demographic data, tobacco, and alcohol use and rates of depression in a sample of adults presenting to the ED. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted for each outcome of interest and socio-demographics. Of 734 respondents, 298 (40.6%) had a PHQ-9 score in the "moderate" to "severe" range indicative of major depressive disorder. About 17% of respondents endorsed current tobacco use while about 30% reported being daily alcohol users. Those with high PHQ-9 score had higher odds of reporting current tobacco use ("severe range" = adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.85, 95% CI 1.05, 3.26). Those with a "severe" PHQ-9 scores were 9 times (aOR 2.3-35.3) more likely to be daily drinkers. Screening and identification of people with depression and substance use disorders in the ED of a large national hospital in Kenya is feasible. This offers an opportunity for brief intervention and referral to further treatment.

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© 2022 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of African Federation for Emergency Medicine.

Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts

The authors disclose receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and publication of this article: This work was supported by the Hecht-Albert Global Health Pilot Innovation Award for Junior Faculty, Global Health Leadership Institute, Yale University awarded to CN. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Funder website: https://medicine.yale.edu/news-article/14993/. The authors declared no other conflicts of interest.