Physics of the Nuclear Pore Complex: Theory, Modeling and Experiment.
Nuclear pore complex
biomimetic
crowding
diffusion
intrinsically disordered proteins
molecular dynamics
molecular modelling
multivalency
nanochannels
stochastic transport
Journal
Physics reports
ISSN: 0370-1573
Titre abrégé: Phys Rep
Pays: Netherlands
ID NLM: 9876465
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
25 Jul 2021
25 Jul 2021
Historique:
entrez:
27
7
2022
pubmed:
28
7
2022
medline:
28
7
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The hallmark of eukaryotic cells is the nucleus that contains the genome, enclosed by a physical barrier known as the nuclear envelope (NE). On the one hand, this compartmentalization endows the eukaryotic cells with high regulatory complexity and flexibility. On the other hand, it poses a tremendous logistic and energetic problem of transporting millions of molecules per second across the nuclear envelope, to facilitate their biological function in all compartments of the cell. Therefore, eukaryotes have evolved a molecular "nanomachine" known as the Nuclear Pore Complex (NPC). Embedded in the nuclear envelope, NPCs control and regulate all the bi-directional transport between the cell nucleus and the cytoplasm. NPCs combine high molecular specificity of transport with high throughput and speed, and are highly robust with respect to molecular noise and structural perturbations. Remarkably, the functional mechanisms of NPC transport are highly conserved among eukaryotes, from yeast to humans, despite significant differences in the molecular components among various species. The NPC is the largest macromolecular complex in the cell. Yet, despite its significant complexity, it has become clear that its principles of operation can be largely understood based on fundamental physical concepts, as have emerged from a combination of experimental methods of molecular cell biology, biophysics, nanoscience and theoretical and computational modeling. Indeed, many aspects of NPC function can be recapitulated in artificial mimics with a drastically reduced complexity compared to biological pores. We review the current physical understanding of the NPC architecture and function, with the focus on the critical analysis of experimental studies in cells and artificial NPC mimics through the lens of theoretical and computational models. We also discuss the connections between the emerging concepts of NPC operation and other areas of biophysics and bionanotechnology.
Identifiants
pubmed: 35892075
doi: 10.1016/j.physrep.2021.03.003
pmc: PMC9306291
mid: NIHMS1818557
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Pagination
1-53Subventions
Organisme : NIGMS NIH HHS
ID : R35 GM119755
Pays : United States
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
Declaration of interests The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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