Molecular Carbon Imides.

The creation and development of new forms of nanocarbons have fundamentally transformed the scientific landscape in the past three decades. As new members of the nanocarbon family with accurate size, shape, and edge structure, molecular carbon imides (MCIs) have shown unexpected and unique properties. Particularly, the imide functionalization strategy has endowed these rylene-based molecular carbons with fascinating characteristics involving flexible syntheses, tailor-made structures, diverse properties, excellent processability, and good stability. This Perspective elaborates molecular design evolution to functional landscapes, and illustrative examples are given, including a promising library of multi-size and multi-dimensional MCIs with rigidly conjugated π-architectures, ranging from 1D nanoribbon imides and 2D nanographene imides to cross-dimensional MCIs. Although researchers have achieved substantial progress in using MCIs as functional components for exploration of charge transport, photoelectric conversion, and chiral luminescence performances, they are far from unleashing their full potential. Developing highly efficient and regioselective coupling/ring-closure reactions involving the formation of multiple C-C bonds and the annulation of electron-deficient aromatic units is crucial. Prediction by theory with the help of machine learning and artificial intelligence research along with reliable nanotechnology characterization will give an impetus to the blossom of related fields. Future investigations will also have to advance toward─or even focus on─the emerging potential functions, especially in the fields of chiral electronics and spin electronics, which are expected to open new avenues.