[Current view on testicular tumors from a developmental biological perspective : Important biomarkers and molecular pathological investigations].
Aktuelle Betrachtung der Hodentumoren aus entwicklungsbiologischer Sicht : Wichtige Biomarker und molekularpathologische Untersuchungen.
Biomarkers
Germ cell and embryonal neoplasms
Seminoma
Teratoma
Yolk-sac tumor
Journal
Pathologie (Heidelberg, Germany)
ISSN: 2731-7196
Titre abrégé: Pathologie (Heidelb)
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 9918384887506676
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Nov 2022
Nov 2022
Historique:
accepted:
29
06
2022
pubmed:
5
8
2022
medline:
25
10
2022
entrez:
4
8
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are the most common type of cancer in Germany in young men between 15 and 44 years of age. The routinely performed diagnostic procedures are essential for the patient's treatment, but can be difficult due to heterogenous histologies. Additionally, the molecular mechanisms of the development of the special forms growing teratoma syndrome (GTS) and testicular tumors with malignant somatic transformation (MST) as well as of therapy resistance are not fully understood. Updated understanding of the molecular processes underlying GCT development and their special forms as well as recommendations for new and useful biomarkers. The development of GCTs is a dynamic process largely influenced by the microenvironment. Seminomas (SEs) in particular seem to posses a higher cellular plasticity than previously assumed, allowing SEs to be reprogrammed into an embryonal carcinoma (EC) or differentiate into extra-embryonal tissues (yolk sac tumors [YSTs], trophoblastic differentiation). Novel serological (mi371a-3p) and pathological (FOXA2) biomarkers are well suited to early detect GCTs and YSTs, respectively. For more aggressive tumors and special cases (GTS, MST), there are still no reliable diagnostics or specific/tailored therapies available. The ability of SEs to transit into EC or YSTs should be considered during therapy. Future research should focus on deciphering the special forms GTS and MST as well as the early recognition of YSTs, since their development seems to be an escape mechanism to chemotherapy. HINTERGRUND: Keimzelltumoren (KZT) sind deutschlandweit die häufigste Krebserkrankung bei jungen Männern (15–44 Jahren). Die differenzielle Routinediagnostik ist essenziell für die Behandlung, ist aber aufgrund der komplexen Histologie herausfordernd. Auch das molekulare Verständnis über die Entstehung der Sonderformen Growing-Teratoma-Syndrom (GTS) und Hodentumoren mit maligner somatischer Transformation (MST) sowie der Therapieresistenzen ist begrenzt. Aktualisierte Betrachtung der molekularen Mechanismen der KZT-Entwicklung und deren Sonderformen sowie die Vorstellung relevanter neuer Biomarker. Die KZT-Entwicklung ist ein dynamischer Prozess, der maßgeblich durch das Mikromilieu mitbestimmt wird. Dabei scheinen besonders die Seminome (SE) plastischer als bisher angenommen und könnten in der Lage sein, in embryonale Karzinome (EK) reprogrammiert zu werden oder in extraembryonale Tumoren (Dottersacktumor [DST], trophoblastäre Differenzierung) zu differenzieren. Neuartige serologische (mi371a-3p) und pathologische (FOXA2) Biomarker eignen sich sehr gut, um KZT bzw. DST frühzeitig zu erkennen. Für besonders aggressive Tumoren und Sonderfälle GTS und Hodentumoren mit MST stehen immer noch keine präzisen Marker oder spezifische Therapiemöglichkeiten zur Verfügung. Die Fähigkeit von SE zur Transition in ein EK bzw. DST sollte bei Therapieentscheidungen bedacht werden. Besonderer Fokus sollte zukünftig auf der Erforschung der Sonderformen GTS und Hodentumoren mit MST und der Früherkennung von DST liegen, deren Entwicklung einen Therapiefluchtmechanismus darstellen könnte.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are the most common type of cancer in Germany in young men between 15 and 44 years of age. The routinely performed diagnostic procedures are essential for the patient's treatment, but can be difficult due to heterogenous histologies. Additionally, the molecular mechanisms of the development of the special forms growing teratoma syndrome (GTS) and testicular tumors with malignant somatic transformation (MST) as well as of therapy resistance are not fully understood.
OBJECTIVES
OBJECTIVE
Updated understanding of the molecular processes underlying GCT development and their special forms as well as recommendations for new and useful biomarkers.
RESULTS
RESULTS
The development of GCTs is a dynamic process largely influenced by the microenvironment. Seminomas (SEs) in particular seem to posses a higher cellular plasticity than previously assumed, allowing SEs to be reprogrammed into an embryonal carcinoma (EC) or differentiate into extra-embryonal tissues (yolk sac tumors [YSTs], trophoblastic differentiation). Novel serological (mi371a-3p) and pathological (FOXA2) biomarkers are well suited to early detect GCTs and YSTs, respectively. For more aggressive tumors and special cases (GTS, MST), there are still no reliable diagnostics or specific/tailored therapies available.
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSIONS
The ability of SEs to transit into EC or YSTs should be considered during therapy. Future research should focus on deciphering the special forms GTS and MST as well as the early recognition of YSTs, since their development seems to be an escape mechanism to chemotherapy.
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
UNASSIGNED
HINTERGRUND: Keimzelltumoren (KZT) sind deutschlandweit die häufigste Krebserkrankung bei jungen Männern (15–44 Jahren). Die differenzielle Routinediagnostik ist essenziell für die Behandlung, ist aber aufgrund der komplexen Histologie herausfordernd. Auch das molekulare Verständnis über die Entstehung der Sonderformen Growing-Teratoma-Syndrom (GTS) und Hodentumoren mit maligner somatischer Transformation (MST) sowie der Therapieresistenzen ist begrenzt.
ZIELE
UNASSIGNED
Aktualisierte Betrachtung der molekularen Mechanismen der KZT-Entwicklung und deren Sonderformen sowie die Vorstellung relevanter neuer Biomarker.
ERGEBNISSE
UNASSIGNED
Die KZT-Entwicklung ist ein dynamischer Prozess, der maßgeblich durch das Mikromilieu mitbestimmt wird. Dabei scheinen besonders die Seminome (SE) plastischer als bisher angenommen und könnten in der Lage sein, in embryonale Karzinome (EK) reprogrammiert zu werden oder in extraembryonale Tumoren (Dottersacktumor [DST], trophoblastäre Differenzierung) zu differenzieren. Neuartige serologische (mi371a-3p) und pathologische (FOXA2) Biomarker eignen sich sehr gut, um KZT bzw. DST frühzeitig zu erkennen. Für besonders aggressive Tumoren und Sonderfälle GTS und Hodentumoren mit MST stehen immer noch keine präzisen Marker oder spezifische Therapiemöglichkeiten zur Verfügung.
SCHLUSSFOLGERUNG
UNASSIGNED
Die Fähigkeit von SE zur Transition in ein EK bzw. DST sollte bei Therapieentscheidungen bedacht werden. Besonderer Fokus sollte zukünftig auf der Erforschung der Sonderformen GTS und Hodentumoren mit MST und der Früherkennung von DST liegen, deren Entwicklung einen Therapiefluchtmechanismus darstellen könnte.
Autres résumés
Type: Publisher
(ger)
HINTERGRUND: Keimzelltumoren (KZT) sind deutschlandweit die häufigste Krebserkrankung bei jungen Männern (15–44 Jahren). Die differenzielle Routinediagnostik ist essenziell für die Behandlung, ist aber aufgrund der komplexen Histologie herausfordernd. Auch das molekulare Verständnis über die Entstehung der Sonderformen Growing-Teratoma-Syndrom (GTS) und Hodentumoren mit maligner somatischer Transformation (MST) sowie der Therapieresistenzen ist begrenzt.
Identifiants
pubmed: 35925316
doi: 10.1007/s00292-022-01094-0
pii: 10.1007/s00292-022-01094-0
doi:
Substances chimiques
Biomarkers
0
Types de publication
English Abstract
Journal Article
Review
Langues
ger
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
409-415Informations de copyright
© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature.
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