Temperature and Heat Transfer Control During Freeze Drying. Effect of Vial Holders and Influence of Pressure.
freeze-frying
heat transfer
radiation
sublimation rate
vial holder
Journal
Pharmaceutical research
ISSN: 1573-904X
Titre abrégé: Pharm Res
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 8406521
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Oct 2022
Oct 2022
Historique:
received:
29
04
2022
accepted:
26
07
2022
pubmed:
5
8
2022
medline:
15
10
2022
entrez:
4
8
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
A common issue of freeze drying is the inhomogeneity between samples, both in regards to water content and structure. The purpose of this study is to address this issue, and try to understand the cause of inhomogeneity in the heat transfer and sample temperature. The temperature and the heat transfer was measured using different setups, both with and without vial holders at various positions at different shelf temperature and chamber pressures. By comparing sublimation rate measurements (water sample) with temperature equilibrium measurements with a non-evaporating liquid (oil sample), the heat transfer contribution from radiation and conduction could be separated and investigated individually. The oil sample temperature increases each time the pressure is decreased; the increase is highest at lower shelf temperatures. Using vial holder reduces the deviation between the samples but have limited effect on the temperature increase. The sublimation rate for water sample is pressure dependent and samples close to the walls have a higher sublimation rate than vials in the center. The sublimation rate increases slightly when using a vial holder but the deviation between vials becomes more random. The heat transfer consists of conduction through rectified vapor and radiation from surrounding walls, about 65-75% of the heat is transferred by conduction and 25-35% by radiation under normal operational conditions. As the vial holder is also influenced by the radiation, the vial inside the holder is indirectly affected by the surrounding radiation.
Identifiants
pubmed: 35925479
doi: 10.1007/s11095-022-03353-4
pii: 10.1007/s11095-022-03353-4
pmc: PMC9556401
doi:
Substances chimiques
Gases
0
Water
059QF0KO0R
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
2597-2606Informations de copyright
© 2022. The Author(s).
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