Alignment Between Heart Rate Variability From Fitness Trackers and Perceived Stress: Perspectives From a Large-Scale In Situ Longitudinal Study of Information Workers.
EMA
HRV
ecological momentary assessment
fitness tracker
heart rate variability
perceived stress
stress measurement
wearables
Journal
JMIR human factors
ISSN: 2292-9495
Titre abrégé: JMIR Hum Factors
Pays: Canada
ID NLM: 101666561
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
04 Aug 2022
04 Aug 2022
Historique:
received:
14
02
2022
accepted:
13
06
2022
revised:
09
06
2022
entrez:
4
8
2022
pubmed:
5
8
2022
medline:
5
8
2022
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Stress can have adverse effects on health and well-being. Informed by laboratory findings that heart rate variability (HRV) decreases in response to an induced stress response, recent efforts to monitor perceived stress in the wild have focused on HRV measured using wearable devices. However, it is not clear that the well-established association between perceived stress and HRV replicates in naturalistic settings without explicit stress inductions and research-grade sensors. This study aims to quantify the strength of the associations between HRV and perceived daily stress using wearable devices in real-world settings. In the main study, 657 participants wore a fitness tracker and completed 14,695 ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) assessing perceived stress, anxiety, positive affect, and negative affect across 8 weeks. In the follow-up study, approximately a year later, 49.8% (327/657) of the same participants wore the same fitness tracker and completed 1373 EMAs assessing perceived stress at the most stressful time of the day over a 1-week period. We used mixed-effects generalized linear models to predict EMA responses from HRV features calculated over varying time windows from 5 minutes to 24 hours. Across all time windows, the models explained an average of 1% (SD 0.5%; marginal R A significant but small relationship between perceived stress and HRV was found. Thus, although HRV is associated with perceived stress in laboratory settings, the strength of that association diminishes in real-life settings. HRV might be more reflective of perceived stress in the presence of specific and isolated stressors and research-grade sensing. Relying on wearable-derived HRV alone might not be sufficient to detect stress in naturalistic settings and should not be considered a proxy for perceived stress but rather a component of a complex phenomenon.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Stress can have adverse effects on health and well-being. Informed by laboratory findings that heart rate variability (HRV) decreases in response to an induced stress response, recent efforts to monitor perceived stress in the wild have focused on HRV measured using wearable devices. However, it is not clear that the well-established association between perceived stress and HRV replicates in naturalistic settings without explicit stress inductions and research-grade sensors.
OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to quantify the strength of the associations between HRV and perceived daily stress using wearable devices in real-world settings.
METHODS
METHODS
In the main study, 657 participants wore a fitness tracker and completed 14,695 ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) assessing perceived stress, anxiety, positive affect, and negative affect across 8 weeks. In the follow-up study, approximately a year later, 49.8% (327/657) of the same participants wore the same fitness tracker and completed 1373 EMAs assessing perceived stress at the most stressful time of the day over a 1-week period. We used mixed-effects generalized linear models to predict EMA responses from HRV features calculated over varying time windows from 5 minutes to 24 hours.
RESULTS
RESULTS
Across all time windows, the models explained an average of 1% (SD 0.5%; marginal R
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
A significant but small relationship between perceived stress and HRV was found. Thus, although HRV is associated with perceived stress in laboratory settings, the strength of that association diminishes in real-life settings. HRV might be more reflective of perceived stress in the presence of specific and isolated stressors and research-grade sensing. Relying on wearable-derived HRV alone might not be sufficient to detect stress in naturalistic settings and should not be considered a proxy for perceived stress but rather a component of a complex phenomenon.
Identifiants
pubmed: 35925662
pii: v9i3e33754
doi: 10.2196/33754
pmc: PMC9389384
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Pagination
e33754Subventions
Organisme : NINR NIH HHS
ID : R21 NR018972
Pays : United States
Informations de copyright
©Gonzalo J Martinez, Ted Grover, Stephen M Mattingly, Gloria Mark, Sidney D’Mello, Talayeh Aledavood, Fatema Akbar, Pablo Robles-Granda, Aaron Striegel. Originally published in JMIR Human Factors (https://humanfactors.jmir.org), 04.08.2022.
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