Cognability: An Ecological Theory of neighborhoods and cognitive aging.
Aging in place
Built environment
Cognitive function
Dementia risk
Disparities
Health behaviors
Urban amenities
Journal
Social science & medicine (1982)
ISSN: 1873-5347
Titre abrégé: Soc Sci Med
Pays: England
ID NLM: 8303205
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
09 2022
09 2022
Historique:
received:
15
12
2021
revised:
19
05
2022
accepted:
13
07
2022
pubmed:
5
8
2022
medline:
9
9
2022
entrez:
4
8
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
While a growing body of evidence points to potentially modifiable individual risk factors for dementia, the built and social environments in which people develop and navigate cognitive decline are largely overlooked. This paper proposes a new theoretical concept, Cognability, to conceptualize how supportive an area is to cognitive health among aging residents. Cognability incorporates a constellation of both positive and negative neighborhood features related to physical activity, social interaction and cognitive stimulation in later life. We analyzed data from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke Study, a national sample of older Black and white adults in the United States (n = 21,151; mean age at assessment = 67; data collected 2006-2017). Generalized additive multilevel models examined how cognitive function varied by neighborhood features. Access to civic and social organizations, recreation centers, fast-food and coffee establishments, arts centers, museums, and highways were significantly associated with cognitive function. Race-, gender-, and education-specific models did not yield substantial improvements to the full-model. Our results suggest that the unequal distribution of amenities and hazards across neighborhoods may help account for considerable inequities observed in cognitive health among older adults. Cognability advances ecological theories of aging through an innovative "whole neighborhood" approach. It aims to identify which specific neighborhood features are most protective of cognitive health among aging adults to inform upstream public health initiatives, community interventions, and policy.
Identifiants
pubmed: 35926362
pii: S0277-9536(22)00526-3
doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115220
pmc: PMC9661364
mid: NIHMS1841146
pii:
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
115220Subventions
Organisme : NIA NIH HHS
ID : P30 AG024824
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIA NIH HHS
ID : K99 AG075152
Pays : United States
Organisme : NINDS NIH HHS
ID : U01 NS041588
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIA NIH HHS
ID : RF1 AG057540
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCATS NIH HHS
ID : UL1 TR002240
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIA NIH HHS
ID : F32 AG064815
Pays : United States
Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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