Associations Between the Modified Food Standard Agency Nutrient Profiling System Dietary Index and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in an Elderly Population.

Background

Helping consumers to improve the nutritional quality of their diet is a key public health action to prevent cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The modified version of the Food Standard Agency Nutrient Profiling System Dietary Index (FSAm-NPS DI) underpinning the Nutri-Score front-of-pack label has been used in public health strategies to address the deleterious consequences of poor diets. This study aimed to assess the association between the FSAm-NPS DI and some CVD risk factors including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, plasma glucose levels, triglyceride levels, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and diastolic and systolic blood pressure.

Materials and Methods

Dietary intake was assessed at baseline and after 1 year of follow-up using a 143-item validated semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Dietary indices based on FSAm-NPS applied at an individual level were computed to characterize the diet quality of 5,921 participants aged 55-75 years with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome from the PREDIMED-plus cohort. Associations between the FSAm-NPS DI and CVD risk factors were assessed using linear regression models.

Results

Compared to participants with a higher nutritional quality of diet (measured by a lower FSAm-NPS DI at baseline or a decrease in FSAm-NPS DI after 1 year), those participants with a lower nutritional quality of diet (higher FSAm-NPS DI or an increase in score) showed a significant increase in the levels of plasma glucose, triglycerides, diastolic blood pressure, BMI, and waist circumference (β coefficient [95% confidence interval];

Conclusion

This prospective cohort study suggests that the consumption of food items with a higher FSAm-NPS DI is associated with increased levels of several major risk factors for CVD including adiposity, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, and diastolic blood pressure. However, results must be cautiously interpreted because no significant prospective associations were identified for critical CVD risk factors, such as HDL and LDL-cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure.

Informations de copyright

Copyright © 2022 Khoury, Gómez-Donoso, Martínez, Martínez-González, Corella, Fitó, Martínez, Alonso-Gómez, Wärnberg, Vioque, Romaguera, León-Acuña, Tinahones, Santos-Lozano, Serra-Majem, Massó Guijarro, Tur, Martín Sánchez, Pintó, Delgado-Rodríguez, Matía-Martín, Vidal, Vázquez, Daimiel, Ros, Bes-Rastrollo, Barragan, Castañer, Torres-Peña, Notario-Barandiaran, Muñoz-Bravo, Abete, Prohens, Cano-Ibáñez, Tojal Sierra, Fernández-García, Sayon-Orea, Pascual, Sorli, Zomeño, Peña-Orihuela, Signes-Pastor, Basterra-Gortari, Schröeder, Salas Salvadó and Babio.

Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts

JSS served on the board of the International Nut and Dried Fruit Council and receives grant support through this institution. He also served in the Executive Committee of the Instituto Danone, Spain, and on the Scientific Committee of the Danone International Institute. He received research support from the Patrimonio Comunal Olivarero, Spain, and Borges S.A., Spain. He received consulting fees or travel expenses from Eroski Foundation, the Instituto Danone, Spain, Mundipharma and Abbot Laboratories. ER reports grants, personal fees, non-financial support, and others from California Walnut Commission and Alexion, personal fees, non-financial support, and others from Ferrer International and Danone, and personal fees from Amarin, other than the submitted study. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.