A Pragmatic, Data-Driven Method to Determine Cutoffs for CSF Biomarkers of Alzheimer Disease Based on Validation Against PET Imaging.

Aged Alzheimer Disease / diagnostic imaging Amyloid beta-Peptides Biomarkers / cerebrospinal fluid Female Humans Male Peptide Fragments Positron-Emission Tomography tau Proteins

Journal

Neurology
ISSN: 1526-632X
Titre abrégé: Neurology
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0401060

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
16 08 2022
Historique:
received: 08 09 2021
accepted: 30 03 2022
entrez: 15 8 2022
pubmed: 16 8 2022
medline: 18 8 2022
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

To elaborate a new algorithm to establish a standardized method to define cutoffs for CSF biomarkers of Alzheimer disease (AD) by validating the algorithm against CSF classification derived from PET imaging. Low and high levels of CSF phosphorylated tau were first identified to establish optimal cutoffs for CSF β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide biomarkers. These Aβ cutoffs were then used to determine cutoffs for CSF tau and phosphorylated tau markers. We compared this algorithm to a reference method, based on tau and amyloid PET imaging status (ADNI study), and then applied the algorithm to 10 large clinical cohorts of patients. A total of 6,922 patients with CSF biomarker data were included (mean [SD] age: 70.6 [8.5] years, 51.0% women). In the ADNI study population (n = 497), the agreement between classification based on our algorithm and the one based on amyloid/tau PET imaging was high, with Cohen's kappa coefficient between 0.87 and 0.99. Applying the algorithm to 10 large cohorts of patients (n = 6,425), the proportion of persons with AD ranged from 25.9% to 43.5%. The proposed novel, pragmatic method to determine CSF biomarker cutoffs for AD does not require assessment of other biomarkers or assumptions concerning the clinical diagnosis of patients. Use of this standardized algorithm is likely to reduce heterogeneity in AD classification.

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
To elaborate a new algorithm to establish a standardized method to define cutoffs for CSF biomarkers of Alzheimer disease (AD) by validating the algorithm against CSF classification derived from PET imaging.
METHODS
Low and high levels of CSF phosphorylated tau were first identified to establish optimal cutoffs for CSF β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide biomarkers. These Aβ cutoffs were then used to determine cutoffs for CSF tau and phosphorylated tau markers. We compared this algorithm to a reference method, based on tau and amyloid PET imaging status (ADNI study), and then applied the algorithm to 10 large clinical cohorts of patients.
RESULTS
A total of 6,922 patients with CSF biomarker data were included (mean [SD] age: 70.6 [8.5] years, 51.0% women). In the ADNI study population (n = 497), the agreement between classification based on our algorithm and the one based on amyloid/tau PET imaging was high, with Cohen's kappa coefficient between 0.87 and 0.99. Applying the algorithm to 10 large cohorts of patients (n = 6,425), the proportion of persons with AD ranged from 25.9% to 43.5%.
DISCUSSION
The proposed novel, pragmatic method to determine CSF biomarker cutoffs for AD does not require assessment of other biomarkers or assumptions concerning the clinical diagnosis of patients. Use of this standardized algorithm is likely to reduce heterogeneity in AD classification.

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000200735 PMID: 35970577 PMC: PMC9484605
pubmed: 35970577
pii: WNL.0000000000200735
doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000200735
pmc: PMC9484605
doi:

Substances chimiques

Amyloid beta-Peptides 0
Biomarkers 0
Peptide Fragments 0
tau Proteins 0

Types de publication

Journal Article Validation Study Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

e669-e678

Subventions

Organisme : NIA NIH HHS
ID : R01 AG056477
Pays : United States

Informations de copyright

Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology.

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Auteurs

Julien Dumurgier (J)

From the Université de Paris (J.D., S. Sabia, A.S.-M.), Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases; Cognitive Neurology Center (J.D., E.C., C.H., M.L., C.P.), Lariboisiere-Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Université de Paris, France; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.Z., K.B.), University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), Institute of Neurology, University College London; Dementia Research Institute (H.Z.), London, United Kingdom; Neurochemistry Laboratory (C.E.T., E.A.J.W.), Clinical Chemistry Department, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (B.H.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, and Institute of Neuroscience (B.H.), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Gordon Center for Medical Imaging (B.H.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Research Center and Memory Clinic (A.O., M.B., A.R.), Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurciències Aplicades, Universitat International de Catalunya, Barcelona; Centro de Investigación biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegerenativas (CIBERNED) (A.O., A.R.), Madrid, Spain; Univ. Lille (S. Schraen, T.L., F.P.), CHU Lille, Inserm UMR-S 1172, LilNCog (JPARC)-Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, DISTAlz, LiCEND; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Memory Research and Resources Centre, University of Montpellier; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B.-A., J.-L.L.), Lariboisière Hospital, APHP, Paris; Department of Biochemistry (S.L.), University of Montpellier, France; Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.S.-M.), University College London, United Kingdom. julien.dumurgier@inserm.fr.
ORCID: 0000-0003-2070-9706

Séverine Sabia (S)

From the Université de Paris (J.D., S. Sabia, A.S.-M.), Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases; Cognitive Neurology Center (J.D., E.C., C.H., M.L., C.P.), Lariboisiere-Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Université de Paris, France; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.Z., K.B.), University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), Institute of Neurology, University College London; Dementia Research Institute (H.Z.), London, United Kingdom; Neurochemistry Laboratory (C.E.T., E.A.J.W.), Clinical Chemistry Department, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (B.H.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, and Institute of Neuroscience (B.H.), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Gordon Center for Medical Imaging (B.H.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Research Center and Memory Clinic (A.O., M.B., A.R.), Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurciències Aplicades, Universitat International de Catalunya, Barcelona; Centro de Investigación biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegerenativas (CIBERNED) (A.O., A.R.), Madrid, Spain; Univ. Lille (S. Schraen, T.L., F.P.), CHU Lille, Inserm UMR-S 1172, LilNCog (JPARC)-Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, DISTAlz, LiCEND; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Memory Research and Resources Centre, University of Montpellier; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B.-A., J.-L.L.), Lariboisière Hospital, APHP, Paris; Department of Biochemistry (S.L.), University of Montpellier, France; Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.S.-M.), University College London, United Kingdom.
ORCID: 0000-0003-3109-9720

Henrik Zetterberg (H)

From the Université de Paris (J.D., S. Sabia, A.S.-M.), Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases; Cognitive Neurology Center (J.D., E.C., C.H., M.L., C.P.), Lariboisiere-Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Université de Paris, France; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.Z., K.B.), University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), Institute of Neurology, University College London; Dementia Research Institute (H.Z.), London, United Kingdom; Neurochemistry Laboratory (C.E.T., E.A.J.W.), Clinical Chemistry Department, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (B.H.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, and Institute of Neuroscience (B.H.), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Gordon Center for Medical Imaging (B.H.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Research Center and Memory Clinic (A.O., M.B., A.R.), Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurciències Aplicades, Universitat International de Catalunya, Barcelona; Centro de Investigación biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegerenativas (CIBERNED) (A.O., A.R.), Madrid, Spain; Univ. Lille (S. Schraen, T.L., F.P.), CHU Lille, Inserm UMR-S 1172, LilNCog (JPARC)-Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, DISTAlz, LiCEND; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Memory Research and Resources Centre, University of Montpellier; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B.-A., J.-L.L.), Lariboisière Hospital, APHP, Paris; Department of Biochemistry (S.L.), University of Montpellier, France; Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.S.-M.), University College London, United Kingdom.
ORCID: 0000-0002-4671-6763

Charlotte E Teunissen (CE)

From the Université de Paris (J.D., S. Sabia, A.S.-M.), Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases; Cognitive Neurology Center (J.D., E.C., C.H., M.L., C.P.), Lariboisiere-Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Université de Paris, France; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.Z., K.B.), University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), Institute of Neurology, University College London; Dementia Research Institute (H.Z.), London, United Kingdom; Neurochemistry Laboratory (C.E.T., E.A.J.W.), Clinical Chemistry Department, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (B.H.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, and Institute of Neuroscience (B.H.), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Gordon Center for Medical Imaging (B.H.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Research Center and Memory Clinic (A.O., M.B., A.R.), Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurciències Aplicades, Universitat International de Catalunya, Barcelona; Centro de Investigación biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegerenativas (CIBERNED) (A.O., A.R.), Madrid, Spain; Univ. Lille (S. Schraen, T.L., F.P.), CHU Lille, Inserm UMR-S 1172, LilNCog (JPARC)-Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, DISTAlz, LiCEND; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Memory Research and Resources Centre, University of Montpellier; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B.-A., J.-L.L.), Lariboisière Hospital, APHP, Paris; Department of Biochemistry (S.L.), University of Montpellier, France; Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.S.-M.), University College London, United Kingdom.
ORCID: 0000-0002-4061-0837

Bernard Hanseeuw (B)

From the Université de Paris (J.D., S. Sabia, A.S.-M.), Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases; Cognitive Neurology Center (J.D., E.C., C.H., M.L., C.P.), Lariboisiere-Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Université de Paris, France; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.Z., K.B.), University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), Institute of Neurology, University College London; Dementia Research Institute (H.Z.), London, United Kingdom; Neurochemistry Laboratory (C.E.T., E.A.J.W.), Clinical Chemistry Department, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (B.H.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, and Institute of Neuroscience (B.H.), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Gordon Center for Medical Imaging (B.H.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Research Center and Memory Clinic (A.O., M.B., A.R.), Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurciències Aplicades, Universitat International de Catalunya, Barcelona; Centro de Investigación biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegerenativas (CIBERNED) (A.O., A.R.), Madrid, Spain; Univ. Lille (S. Schraen, T.L., F.P.), CHU Lille, Inserm UMR-S 1172, LilNCog (JPARC)-Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, DISTAlz, LiCEND; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Memory Research and Resources Centre, University of Montpellier; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B.-A., J.-L.L.), Lariboisière Hospital, APHP, Paris; Department of Biochemistry (S.L.), University of Montpellier, France; Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.S.-M.), University College London, United Kingdom.
ORCID: 0000-0002-3102-6778

Adelina Orellana (A)

From the Université de Paris (J.D., S. Sabia, A.S.-M.), Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases; Cognitive Neurology Center (J.D., E.C., C.H., M.L., C.P.), Lariboisiere-Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Université de Paris, France; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.Z., K.B.), University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), Institute of Neurology, University College London; Dementia Research Institute (H.Z.), London, United Kingdom; Neurochemistry Laboratory (C.E.T., E.A.J.W.), Clinical Chemistry Department, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (B.H.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, and Institute of Neuroscience (B.H.), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Gordon Center for Medical Imaging (B.H.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Research Center and Memory Clinic (A.O., M.B., A.R.), Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurciències Aplicades, Universitat International de Catalunya, Barcelona; Centro de Investigación biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegerenativas (CIBERNED) (A.O., A.R.), Madrid, Spain; Univ. Lille (S. Schraen, T.L., F.P.), CHU Lille, Inserm UMR-S 1172, LilNCog (JPARC)-Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, DISTAlz, LiCEND; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Memory Research and Resources Centre, University of Montpellier; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B.-A., J.-L.L.), Lariboisière Hospital, APHP, Paris; Department of Biochemistry (S.L.), University of Montpellier, France; Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.S.-M.), University College London, United Kingdom.

Susanna Schraen (S)

From the Université de Paris (J.D., S. Sabia, A.S.-M.), Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases; Cognitive Neurology Center (J.D., E.C., C.H., M.L., C.P.), Lariboisiere-Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Université de Paris, France; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.Z., K.B.), University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), Institute of Neurology, University College London; Dementia Research Institute (H.Z.), London, United Kingdom; Neurochemistry Laboratory (C.E.T., E.A.J.W.), Clinical Chemistry Department, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (B.H.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, and Institute of Neuroscience (B.H.), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Gordon Center for Medical Imaging (B.H.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Research Center and Memory Clinic (A.O., M.B., A.R.), Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurciències Aplicades, Universitat International de Catalunya, Barcelona; Centro de Investigación biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegerenativas (CIBERNED) (A.O., A.R.), Madrid, Spain; Univ. Lille (S. Schraen, T.L., F.P.), CHU Lille, Inserm UMR-S 1172, LilNCog (JPARC)-Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, DISTAlz, LiCEND; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Memory Research and Resources Centre, University of Montpellier; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B.-A., J.-L.L.), Lariboisière Hospital, APHP, Paris; Department of Biochemistry (S.L.), University of Montpellier, France; Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.S.-M.), University College London, United Kingdom.
ORCID: 0000-0002-7247-4809

Audrey Gabelle (A)

From the Université de Paris (J.D., S. Sabia, A.S.-M.), Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases; Cognitive Neurology Center (J.D., E.C., C.H., M.L., C.P.), Lariboisiere-Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Université de Paris, France; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.Z., K.B.), University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), Institute of Neurology, University College London; Dementia Research Institute (H.Z.), London, United Kingdom; Neurochemistry Laboratory (C.E.T., E.A.J.W.), Clinical Chemistry Department, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (B.H.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, and Institute of Neuroscience (B.H.), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Gordon Center for Medical Imaging (B.H.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Research Center and Memory Clinic (A.O., M.B., A.R.), Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurciències Aplicades, Universitat International de Catalunya, Barcelona; Centro de Investigación biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegerenativas (CIBERNED) (A.O., A.R.), Madrid, Spain; Univ. Lille (S. Schraen, T.L., F.P.), CHU Lille, Inserm UMR-S 1172, LilNCog (JPARC)-Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, DISTAlz, LiCEND; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Memory Research and Resources Centre, University of Montpellier; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B.-A., J.-L.L.), Lariboisière Hospital, APHP, Paris; Department of Biochemistry (S.L.), University of Montpellier, France; Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.S.-M.), University College London, United Kingdom.
ORCID: 0000-0002-7648-9194

Mercè Boada (M)

From the Université de Paris (J.D., S. Sabia, A.S.-M.), Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases; Cognitive Neurology Center (J.D., E.C., C.H., M.L., C.P.), Lariboisiere-Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Université de Paris, France; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.Z., K.B.), University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), Institute of Neurology, University College London; Dementia Research Institute (H.Z.), London, United Kingdom; Neurochemistry Laboratory (C.E.T., E.A.J.W.), Clinical Chemistry Department, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (B.H.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, and Institute of Neuroscience (B.H.), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Gordon Center for Medical Imaging (B.H.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Research Center and Memory Clinic (A.O., M.B., A.R.), Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurciències Aplicades, Universitat International de Catalunya, Barcelona; Centro de Investigación biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegerenativas (CIBERNED) (A.O., A.R.), Madrid, Spain; Univ. Lille (S. Schraen, T.L., F.P.), CHU Lille, Inserm UMR-S 1172, LilNCog (JPARC)-Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, DISTAlz, LiCEND; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Memory Research and Resources Centre, University of Montpellier; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B.-A., J.-L.L.), Lariboisière Hospital, APHP, Paris; Department of Biochemistry (S.L.), University of Montpellier, France; Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.S.-M.), University College London, United Kingdom.
ORCID: 0000-0003-2617-3009

Thibaud Lebouvier (T)

From the Université de Paris (J.D., S. Sabia, A.S.-M.), Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases; Cognitive Neurology Center (J.D., E.C., C.H., M.L., C.P.), Lariboisiere-Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Université de Paris, France; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.Z., K.B.), University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), Institute of Neurology, University College London; Dementia Research Institute (H.Z.), London, United Kingdom; Neurochemistry Laboratory (C.E.T., E.A.J.W.), Clinical Chemistry Department, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (B.H.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, and Institute of Neuroscience (B.H.), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Gordon Center for Medical Imaging (B.H.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Research Center and Memory Clinic (A.O., M.B., A.R.), Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurciències Aplicades, Universitat International de Catalunya, Barcelona; Centro de Investigación biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegerenativas (CIBERNED) (A.O., A.R.), Madrid, Spain; Univ. Lille (S. Schraen, T.L., F.P.), CHU Lille, Inserm UMR-S 1172, LilNCog (JPARC)-Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, DISTAlz, LiCEND; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Memory Research and Resources Centre, University of Montpellier; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B.-A., J.-L.L.), Lariboisière Hospital, APHP, Paris; Department of Biochemistry (S.L.), University of Montpellier, France; Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.S.-M.), University College London, United Kingdom.
ORCID: 0000-0002-4386-6045

Eline A J Willemse (EAJ)

From the Université de Paris (J.D., S. Sabia, A.S.-M.), Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases; Cognitive Neurology Center (J.D., E.C., C.H., M.L., C.P.), Lariboisiere-Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Université de Paris, France; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.Z., K.B.), University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), Institute of Neurology, University College London; Dementia Research Institute (H.Z.), London, United Kingdom; Neurochemistry Laboratory (C.E.T., E.A.J.W.), Clinical Chemistry Department, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (B.H.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, and Institute of Neuroscience (B.H.), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Gordon Center for Medical Imaging (B.H.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Research Center and Memory Clinic (A.O., M.B., A.R.), Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurciències Aplicades, Universitat International de Catalunya, Barcelona; Centro de Investigación biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegerenativas (CIBERNED) (A.O., A.R.), Madrid, Spain; Univ. Lille (S. Schraen, T.L., F.P.), CHU Lille, Inserm UMR-S 1172, LilNCog (JPARC)-Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, DISTAlz, LiCEND; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Memory Research and Resources Centre, University of Montpellier; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B.-A., J.-L.L.), Lariboisière Hospital, APHP, Paris; Department of Biochemistry (S.L.), University of Montpellier, France; Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.S.-M.), University College London, United Kingdom.

Emmanuel Cognat (E)

From the Université de Paris (J.D., S. Sabia, A.S.-M.), Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases; Cognitive Neurology Center (J.D., E.C., C.H., M.L., C.P.), Lariboisiere-Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Université de Paris, France; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.Z., K.B.), University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), Institute of Neurology, University College London; Dementia Research Institute (H.Z.), London, United Kingdom; Neurochemistry Laboratory (C.E.T., E.A.J.W.), Clinical Chemistry Department, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (B.H.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, and Institute of Neuroscience (B.H.), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Gordon Center for Medical Imaging (B.H.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Research Center and Memory Clinic (A.O., M.B., A.R.), Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurciències Aplicades, Universitat International de Catalunya, Barcelona; Centro de Investigación biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegerenativas (CIBERNED) (A.O., A.R.), Madrid, Spain; Univ. Lille (S. Schraen, T.L., F.P.), CHU Lille, Inserm UMR-S 1172, LilNCog (JPARC)-Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, DISTAlz, LiCEND; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Memory Research and Resources Centre, University of Montpellier; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B.-A., J.-L.L.), Lariboisière Hospital, APHP, Paris; Department of Biochemistry (S.L.), University of Montpellier, France; Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.S.-M.), University College London, United Kingdom.
ORCID: 0000-0002-3521-5832

Agustin Ruiz (A)

From the Université de Paris (J.D., S. Sabia, A.S.-M.), Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases; Cognitive Neurology Center (J.D., E.C., C.H., M.L., C.P.), Lariboisiere-Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Université de Paris, France; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.Z., K.B.), University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), Institute of Neurology, University College London; Dementia Research Institute (H.Z.), London, United Kingdom; Neurochemistry Laboratory (C.E.T., E.A.J.W.), Clinical Chemistry Department, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (B.H.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, and Institute of Neuroscience (B.H.), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Gordon Center for Medical Imaging (B.H.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Research Center and Memory Clinic (A.O., M.B., A.R.), Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurciències Aplicades, Universitat International de Catalunya, Barcelona; Centro de Investigación biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegerenativas (CIBERNED) (A.O., A.R.), Madrid, Spain; Univ. Lille (S. Schraen, T.L., F.P.), CHU Lille, Inserm UMR-S 1172, LilNCog (JPARC)-Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, DISTAlz, LiCEND; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Memory Research and Resources Centre, University of Montpellier; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B.-A., J.-L.L.), Lariboisière Hospital, APHP, Paris; Department of Biochemistry (S.L.), University of Montpellier, France; Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.S.-M.), University College London, United Kingdom.
ORCID: 0000-0003-2633-2495

Claire Hourregue (C)

From the Université de Paris (J.D., S. Sabia, A.S.-M.), Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases; Cognitive Neurology Center (J.D., E.C., C.H., M.L., C.P.), Lariboisiere-Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Université de Paris, France; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.Z., K.B.), University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), Institute of Neurology, University College London; Dementia Research Institute (H.Z.), London, United Kingdom; Neurochemistry Laboratory (C.E.T., E.A.J.W.), Clinical Chemistry Department, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (B.H.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, and Institute of Neuroscience (B.H.), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Gordon Center for Medical Imaging (B.H.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Research Center and Memory Clinic (A.O., M.B., A.R.), Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurciències Aplicades, Universitat International de Catalunya, Barcelona; Centro de Investigación biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegerenativas (CIBERNED) (A.O., A.R.), Madrid, Spain; Univ. Lille (S. Schraen, T.L., F.P.), CHU Lille, Inserm UMR-S 1172, LilNCog (JPARC)-Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, DISTAlz, LiCEND; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Memory Research and Resources Centre, University of Montpellier; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B.-A., J.-L.L.), Lariboisière Hospital, APHP, Paris; Department of Biochemistry (S.L.), University of Montpellier, France; Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.S.-M.), University College London, United Kingdom.

Matthieu Lilamand (M)

From the Université de Paris (J.D., S. Sabia, A.S.-M.), Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases; Cognitive Neurology Center (J.D., E.C., C.H., M.L., C.P.), Lariboisiere-Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Université de Paris, France; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.Z., K.B.), University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), Institute of Neurology, University College London; Dementia Research Institute (H.Z.), London, United Kingdom; Neurochemistry Laboratory (C.E.T., E.A.J.W.), Clinical Chemistry Department, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (B.H.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, and Institute of Neuroscience (B.H.), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Gordon Center for Medical Imaging (B.H.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Research Center and Memory Clinic (A.O., M.B., A.R.), Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurciències Aplicades, Universitat International de Catalunya, Barcelona; Centro de Investigación biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegerenativas (CIBERNED) (A.O., A.R.), Madrid, Spain; Univ. Lille (S. Schraen, T.L., F.P.), CHU Lille, Inserm UMR-S 1172, LilNCog (JPARC)-Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, DISTAlz, LiCEND; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Memory Research and Resources Centre, University of Montpellier; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B.-A., J.-L.L.), Lariboisière Hospital, APHP, Paris; Department of Biochemistry (S.L.), University of Montpellier, France; Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.S.-M.), University College London, United Kingdom.
ORCID: 0000-0002-4622-2413

Elodie Bouaziz-Amar (E)

From the Université de Paris (J.D., S. Sabia, A.S.-M.), Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases; Cognitive Neurology Center (J.D., E.C., C.H., M.L., C.P.), Lariboisiere-Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Université de Paris, France; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.Z., K.B.), University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), Institute of Neurology, University College London; Dementia Research Institute (H.Z.), London, United Kingdom; Neurochemistry Laboratory (C.E.T., E.A.J.W.), Clinical Chemistry Department, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (B.H.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, and Institute of Neuroscience (B.H.), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Gordon Center for Medical Imaging (B.H.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Research Center and Memory Clinic (A.O., M.B., A.R.), Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurciències Aplicades, Universitat International de Catalunya, Barcelona; Centro de Investigación biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegerenativas (CIBERNED) (A.O., A.R.), Madrid, Spain; Univ. Lille (S. Schraen, T.L., F.P.), CHU Lille, Inserm UMR-S 1172, LilNCog (JPARC)-Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, DISTAlz, LiCEND; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Memory Research and Resources Centre, University of Montpellier; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B.-A., J.-L.L.), Lariboisière Hospital, APHP, Paris; Department of Biochemistry (S.L.), University of Montpellier, France; Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.S.-M.), University College London, United Kingdom.

Jean-Louis Laplanche (JL)

From the Université de Paris (J.D., S. Sabia, A.S.-M.), Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases; Cognitive Neurology Center (J.D., E.C., C.H., M.L., C.P.), Lariboisiere-Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Université de Paris, France; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.Z., K.B.), University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), Institute of Neurology, University College London; Dementia Research Institute (H.Z.), London, United Kingdom; Neurochemistry Laboratory (C.E.T., E.A.J.W.), Clinical Chemistry Department, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (B.H.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, and Institute of Neuroscience (B.H.), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Gordon Center for Medical Imaging (B.H.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Research Center and Memory Clinic (A.O., M.B., A.R.), Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurciències Aplicades, Universitat International de Catalunya, Barcelona; Centro de Investigación biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegerenativas (CIBERNED) (A.O., A.R.), Madrid, Spain; Univ. Lille (S. Schraen, T.L., F.P.), CHU Lille, Inserm UMR-S 1172, LilNCog (JPARC)-Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, DISTAlz, LiCEND; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Memory Research and Resources Centre, University of Montpellier; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B.-A., J.-L.L.), Lariboisière Hospital, APHP, Paris; Department of Biochemistry (S.L.), University of Montpellier, France; Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.S.-M.), University College London, United Kingdom.

Sylvain Lehmann (S)

From the Université de Paris (J.D., S. Sabia, A.S.-M.), Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases; Cognitive Neurology Center (J.D., E.C., C.H., M.L., C.P.), Lariboisiere-Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Université de Paris, France; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.Z., K.B.), University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), Institute of Neurology, University College London; Dementia Research Institute (H.Z.), London, United Kingdom; Neurochemistry Laboratory (C.E.T., E.A.J.W.), Clinical Chemistry Department, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (B.H.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, and Institute of Neuroscience (B.H.), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Gordon Center for Medical Imaging (B.H.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Research Center and Memory Clinic (A.O., M.B., A.R.), Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurciències Aplicades, Universitat International de Catalunya, Barcelona; Centro de Investigación biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegerenativas (CIBERNED) (A.O., A.R.), Madrid, Spain; Univ. Lille (S. Schraen, T.L., F.P.), CHU Lille, Inserm UMR-S 1172, LilNCog (JPARC)-Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, DISTAlz, LiCEND; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Memory Research and Resources Centre, University of Montpellier; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B.-A., J.-L.L.), Lariboisière Hospital, APHP, Paris; Department of Biochemistry (S.L.), University of Montpellier, France; Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.S.-M.), University College London, United Kingdom.

Florence Pasquier (F)

From the Université de Paris (J.D., S. Sabia, A.S.-M.), Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases; Cognitive Neurology Center (J.D., E.C., C.H., M.L., C.P.), Lariboisiere-Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Université de Paris, France; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.Z., K.B.), University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), Institute of Neurology, University College London; Dementia Research Institute (H.Z.), London, United Kingdom; Neurochemistry Laboratory (C.E.T., E.A.J.W.), Clinical Chemistry Department, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (B.H.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, and Institute of Neuroscience (B.H.), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Gordon Center for Medical Imaging (B.H.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Research Center and Memory Clinic (A.O., M.B., A.R.), Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurciències Aplicades, Universitat International de Catalunya, Barcelona; Centro de Investigación biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegerenativas (CIBERNED) (A.O., A.R.), Madrid, Spain; Univ. Lille (S. Schraen, T.L., F.P.), CHU Lille, Inserm UMR-S 1172, LilNCog (JPARC)-Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, DISTAlz, LiCEND; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Memory Research and Resources Centre, University of Montpellier; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B.-A., J.-L.L.), Lariboisière Hospital, APHP, Paris; Department of Biochemistry (S.L.), University of Montpellier, France; Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.S.-M.), University College London, United Kingdom.
ORCID: 0000-0001-9880-9788

Philip Scheltens (P)

From the Université de Paris (J.D., S. Sabia, A.S.-M.), Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases; Cognitive Neurology Center (J.D., E.C., C.H., M.L., C.P.), Lariboisiere-Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Université de Paris, France; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.Z., K.B.), University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), Institute of Neurology, University College London; Dementia Research Institute (H.Z.), London, United Kingdom; Neurochemistry Laboratory (C.E.T., E.A.J.W.), Clinical Chemistry Department, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (B.H.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, and Institute of Neuroscience (B.H.), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Gordon Center for Medical Imaging (B.H.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Research Center and Memory Clinic (A.O., M.B., A.R.), Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurciències Aplicades, Universitat International de Catalunya, Barcelona; Centro de Investigación biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegerenativas (CIBERNED) (A.O., A.R.), Madrid, Spain; Univ. Lille (S. Schraen, T.L., F.P.), CHU Lille, Inserm UMR-S 1172, LilNCog (JPARC)-Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, DISTAlz, LiCEND; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Memory Research and Resources Centre, University of Montpellier; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B.-A., J.-L.L.), Lariboisière Hospital, APHP, Paris; Department of Biochemistry (S.L.), University of Montpellier, France; Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.S.-M.), University College London, United Kingdom.
ORCID: 0000-0002-1046-6408

Kaj Blennow (K)

From the Université de Paris (J.D., S. Sabia, A.S.-M.), Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases; Cognitive Neurology Center (J.D., E.C., C.H., M.L., C.P.), Lariboisiere-Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Université de Paris, France; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.Z., K.B.), University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), Institute of Neurology, University College London; Dementia Research Institute (H.Z.), London, United Kingdom; Neurochemistry Laboratory (C.E.T., E.A.J.W.), Clinical Chemistry Department, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (B.H.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, and Institute of Neuroscience (B.H.), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Gordon Center for Medical Imaging (B.H.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Research Center and Memory Clinic (A.O., M.B., A.R.), Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurciències Aplicades, Universitat International de Catalunya, Barcelona; Centro de Investigación biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegerenativas (CIBERNED) (A.O., A.R.), Madrid, Spain; Univ. Lille (S. Schraen, T.L., F.P.), CHU Lille, Inserm UMR-S 1172, LilNCog (JPARC)-Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, DISTAlz, LiCEND; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Memory Research and Resources Centre, University of Montpellier; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B.-A., J.-L.L.), Lariboisière Hospital, APHP, Paris; Department of Biochemistry (S.L.), University of Montpellier, France; Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.S.-M.), University College London, United Kingdom.
ORCID: 0000-0002-1890-4193

Archana Singh-Manoux (A)

From the Université de Paris (J.D., S. Sabia, A.S.-M.), Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases; Cognitive Neurology Center (J.D., E.C., C.H., M.L., C.P.), Lariboisiere-Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Université de Paris, France; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.Z., K.B.), University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), Institute of Neurology, University College London; Dementia Research Institute (H.Z.), London, United Kingdom; Neurochemistry Laboratory (C.E.T., E.A.J.W.), Clinical Chemistry Department, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (B.H.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, and Institute of Neuroscience (B.H.), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Gordon Center for Medical Imaging (B.H.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Research Center and Memory Clinic (A.O., M.B., A.R.), Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurciències Aplicades, Universitat International de Catalunya, Barcelona; Centro de Investigación biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegerenativas (CIBERNED) (A.O., A.R.), Madrid, Spain; Univ. Lille (S. Schraen, T.L., F.P.), CHU Lille, Inserm UMR-S 1172, LilNCog (JPARC)-Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, DISTAlz, LiCEND; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Memory Research and Resources Centre, University of Montpellier; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B.-A., J.-L.L.), Lariboisière Hospital, APHP, Paris; Department of Biochemistry (S.L.), University of Montpellier, France; Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.S.-M.), University College London, United Kingdom.
ORCID: 0000-0002-1244-5037

Claire Paquet (C)

From the Université de Paris (J.D., S. Sabia, A.S.-M.), Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases; Cognitive Neurology Center (J.D., E.C., C.H., M.L., C.P.), Lariboisiere-Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Université de Paris, France; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.Z., K.B.), University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), Institute of Neurology, University College London; Dementia Research Institute (H.Z.), London, United Kingdom; Neurochemistry Laboratory (C.E.T., E.A.J.W.), Clinical Chemistry Department, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (B.H.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, and Institute of Neuroscience (B.H.), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Gordon Center for Medical Imaging (B.H.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Research Center and Memory Clinic (A.O., M.B., A.R.), Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurciències Aplicades, Universitat International de Catalunya, Barcelona; Centro de Investigación biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegerenativas (CIBERNED) (A.O., A.R.), Madrid, Spain; Univ. Lille (S. Schraen, T.L., F.P.), CHU Lille, Inserm UMR-S 1172, LilNCog (JPARC)-Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, DISTAlz, LiCEND; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Memory Research and Resources Centre, University of Montpellier; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B.-A., J.-L.L.), Lariboisière Hospital, APHP, Paris; Department of Biochemistry (S.L.), University of Montpellier, France; Alzheimer Center (P.S.), Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.S.-M.), University College London, United Kingdom.

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Classifications MeSH

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