Six-year prognosis of anxiety and depression caseness and their comorbidity in a prospective population-based adult sample.
Affective disorder
Association
Epidemiology
Incidence
Longitudinal
Journal
BMC public health
ISSN: 1471-2458
Titre abrégé: BMC Public Health
Pays: England
ID NLM: 100968562
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
15 08 2022
15 08 2022
Historique:
received:
27
04
2022
accepted:
02
08
2022
entrez:
15
8
2022
pubmed:
16
8
2022
medline:
18
8
2022
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Anxiety and depression are amongst the most prevalent mental health problems. Their pattern of comorbidity may inform about their etiology and effective treatment, but such research is sparse. Here, we document long-term prognosis of affective caseness (high probability of being a clinical case) of anxiety and depression, their comorbidity, and a no-caseness condition at three time-points across six years, and identify the most common prognoses of these four conditions. Longitudinal population-based data were collected from 1,837 participants in 2010, 2013 and 2016. Based on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale they formed the four groups of anxiety, depression and comorbidity caseness, and no caseness at baseline. The three-year associations show that it was most common to recover when being an anxiety, depression or comorbidity caseness (36.8 - 59.4%), and when not being a caseness to remain so (89.2%). It was also rather common to remain in the same caseness condition after three years (18.7 - 39.1%). In comorbidity it was more likely to recover from depression (21.1%) than from anxiety (5.4%), and being no caseness it was more likely to develop anxiety (5.9%) than depression (1.7%). The most common six-year prognoses were recovering from the affective caseness conditions at 3-year follow-up (YFU), and remain recovered at 6-YFU, and as no caseness to remain so across the six years. The second most common prognoses in the affective conditions were to remain as caseness at both 3-YFU and 6-YFU, and in no caseness to remain so at 3-YFU, but develop anxiety at 6-YFU. The results suggest that only 37 - 60% of individuals in the general population with high probability of being a clinical case with anxiety, depression, and their comorbidity will recover within a three-year period, and that it is rather common to remain with these affective conditions after 6 years. These poor prognoses, for comorbidity in particular, highlight the need for intensified alertness of their prevalence and enabling treatment in the general population.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
Anxiety and depression are amongst the most prevalent mental health problems. Their pattern of comorbidity may inform about their etiology and effective treatment, but such research is sparse. Here, we document long-term prognosis of affective caseness (high probability of being a clinical case) of anxiety and depression, their comorbidity, and a no-caseness condition at three time-points across six years, and identify the most common prognoses of these four conditions.
METHODS
Longitudinal population-based data were collected from 1,837 participants in 2010, 2013 and 2016. Based on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale they formed the four groups of anxiety, depression and comorbidity caseness, and no caseness at baseline.
RESULTS
The three-year associations show that it was most common to recover when being an anxiety, depression or comorbidity caseness (36.8 - 59.4%), and when not being a caseness to remain so (89.2%). It was also rather common to remain in the same caseness condition after three years (18.7 - 39.1%). In comorbidity it was more likely to recover from depression (21.1%) than from anxiety (5.4%), and being no caseness it was more likely to develop anxiety (5.9%) than depression (1.7%). The most common six-year prognoses were recovering from the affective caseness conditions at 3-year follow-up (YFU), and remain recovered at 6-YFU, and as no caseness to remain so across the six years. The second most common prognoses in the affective conditions were to remain as caseness at both 3-YFU and 6-YFU, and in no caseness to remain so at 3-YFU, but develop anxiety at 6-YFU.
CONCLUSIONS
The results suggest that only 37 - 60% of individuals in the general population with high probability of being a clinical case with anxiety, depression, and their comorbidity will recover within a three-year period, and that it is rather common to remain with these affective conditions after 6 years. These poor prognoses, for comorbidity in particular, highlight the need for intensified alertness of their prevalence and enabling treatment in the general population.
Identifiants
pubmed: 35971092
doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-13966-4
pii: 10.1186/s12889-022-13966-4
pmc: PMC9380370
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1554Informations de copyright
© 2022. The Author(s).
Références
PLoS Med. 2013;10(2):e1001380
pubmed: 23393429
J Pers Med. 2021 Dec 04;11(12):
pubmed: 34945767
J Affect Disord. 2021 Nov 1;294:85-93
pubmed: 34274792
Scand J Work Environ Health. 2002 Feb;28(1):33-41
pubmed: 11871850
Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2015 Jun;24(3):210-26
pubmed: 25720357
Br J Psychiatry. 2001 Sep;179:191-3
pubmed: 11532793
Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2021 Jun 04;30:e42
pubmed: 34085616
Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2018 Jan;31(1):17-25
pubmed: 29120914
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 May 6;5:CD013491
pubmed: 33956992
Depress Anxiety. 2019 Jan;36(1):31-38
pubmed: 30311733
Psychol Bull. 2014 May;140(3):816-45
pubmed: 24219155
Psychosom Med. 2004 Nov-Dec;66(6):845-51
pubmed: 15564348
Lancet. 2012 Dec 15;380(9859):2163-96
pubmed: 23245607
Depress Anxiety. 2013 Apr;30(4):374-85
pubmed: 23495126
J Psychosom Res. 2002 Feb;52(2):69-77
pubmed: 11832252
Lancet. 2018 Nov 10;392(10159):1789-1858
pubmed: 30496104
Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1983 Jun;67(6):361-70
pubmed: 6880820
Mol Psychiatry. 2015 Feb;20(1):32-47
pubmed: 25486982
Depress Anxiety. 2021 Mar;38(3):286-306
pubmed: 33225514
Lancet. 2007 Sep 8;370(9590):841-50
pubmed: 17826169
Int Rev Psychiatry. 2020 Aug - Sep;32(5-6):455-465
pubmed: 32436448
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2018 Apr;87:27-37
pubmed: 29407523
Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1997 Oct;96(4):281-6
pubmed: 9350957
Int J Epidemiol. 2014 Apr;43(2):476-93
pubmed: 24648481
Clin Psychol Rev. 2018 Aug;64:13-38
pubmed: 30075313
Psychol Med. 1980 Feb;10(1):101-14
pubmed: 6992180
CNS Spectr. 2013 Oct;18(5):252-60
pubmed: 23507190
Psychol Bull. 2017 Nov;143(11):1155-1200
pubmed: 28805400
Br J Gen Pract. 2009 Sep;59(566):e283-8
pubmed: 19761655
JAMA Psychiatry. 2022 May 1;79(5):406-416
pubmed: 35262620
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2014 Apr-May;217(4-5):427-34
pubmed: 24029726
PeerJ. 2013 Jul 09;1:e98
pubmed: 23862109