Towards globally relevant, small-footprint dewatering solutions: Optimal conditioner dose for highly variable blackwater from non-sewered sanitation.
Decentralized sanitation
Dewaterability
Fecal sludge
Flocculation
Off-grid
Resource recovery
Journal
Journal of environmental management
ISSN: 1095-8630
Titre abrégé: J Environ Manage
Pays: England
ID NLM: 0401664
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
01 Nov 2022
01 Nov 2022
Historique:
received:
06
05
2022
revised:
03
08
2022
accepted:
03
08
2022
pubmed:
24
8
2022
medline:
15
9
2022
entrez:
23
8
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Globally, the sanitation needs of three billion people are met by non-sewered sanitation. Small-footprint treatment technologies are needed that are appropriate for dense urban areas. Blackwater (BW) (or fecal sludge), contains more than 95% liquid, and dewatering it without conditioning requires large footprints. Chemically-enhanced dewatering with conditioners is a promising option to increase dewatering performance and reduce required footprints. However, before implementation of this solution there is a need for increased knowledge on selection and dosing of conditioners. This study evaluated bio-based and synthetic conditioners (chitosan, tannin-, and starch-based, synthetic with and without poly-acrylamide) with 14 types of BW from five countries. The supernatant after settling with jar-tests was analyzed to quantify optimal dose and dewatering performance. The reduction of total chemical oxygen demand (COD) was >55%, achieved by removal of particulate constituents with mainly soluble COD remaining in the supernatant. A reduction in particulate COD could lead to increased efficiency of soluble COD in supernatant treatment. Bio-based conditioners are as effective as synthetic conditioners, and when performance was variable, it was due to differing properties of TSS, TS, EC and pH. Optimal conditioner dose for synthetic conditioners and chitosan could be predicted using concentrations of total solids (TS) (R
Identifiants
pubmed: 35998530
pii: S0301-4797(22)01534-1
doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115961
pii:
doi:
Substances chimiques
Sewage
0
Tannins
0
Water
059QF0KO0R
Starch
9005-25-8
Chitosan
9012-76-4
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
115961Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Linda Strande reports financial support was provided by Swiss National Science Foundation. Linda Strande reports financial support was provided by Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation.