Nootropics as Cognitive Enhancers: Types, Dosage and Side Effects of Smart Drugs.
Panax ginseng
Paullinia cupana
antioxidant activity
ayurvedic
brain injury
learning
memory
nootropics
piracetam
smart drugs
Journal
Nutrients
ISSN: 2072-6643
Titre abrégé: Nutrients
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101521595
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
17 Aug 2022
17 Aug 2022
Historique:
received:
26
07
2022
revised:
14
08
2022
accepted:
15
08
2022
entrez:
26
8
2022
pubmed:
27
8
2022
medline:
30
8
2022
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Nootropics, also known as "smart drugs" are a diverse group of medicinal substances whose action improves human thinking, learning, and memory, especially in cases where these functions are impaired. This review provides an up-to-date overview of the potential effectiveness and importance of nootropics. Based on their nature and their effects, this heterogeneous group of drugs has been divided into four subgroups: classical nootropic compounds, substances increasing brain metabolism, cholinergic, and plants and their extracts with nootropic effects. Each subgroup of nootropics contains several main representatives, and for each one, its uses, indications, experimental treatments, dosage, and possible side effects and contraindications are discussed. For the nootropic plant extracts, there is also a brief description of each plant representative, its occurrence, history, and chemical composition of the medicinal part. Lastly, specific recommendations regarding the use of nootropics by both ill and healthy individuals are summarized.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36014874
pii: nu14163367
doi: 10.3390/nu14163367
pmc: PMC9415189
pii:
doi:
Substances chimiques
Nootropic Agents
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
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