Persistent but atypical germinal center reaction among 3
SARS-CoV-2
germinal center (GC)
memory B cell (MBC)
rituximab (RTX)
vaccination
Journal
Frontiers in immunology
ISSN: 1664-3224
Titre abrégé: Front Immunol
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101560960
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2022
2022
Historique:
received:
13
05
2022
accepted:
08
07
2022
entrez:
29
8
2022
pubmed:
30
8
2022
medline:
31
8
2022
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Durable vaccine-mediated immunity relies on the generation of long-lived plasma cells and memory B cells (MBCs), differentiating upon germinal center (GC) reactions. SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination induces a strong GC response in healthy volunteers (HC), but limited data is available about response longevity upon rituximab treatment. We evaluated humoral and cellular responses upon 3rd vaccination in seven patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who initially mounted anti-spike SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies after primary 2x vaccination and got re-exposed to rituximab (RTX) 1-2 months after the second vaccination. Ten patients with RA on other therapies and ten HC represented the control groups. As control for known long-lived induced immunity, we analyzed humoral and cellular tetanus toxoid (TT) immune responses in steady-state. After 3 On the basis of pre-existing affinity matured MBCs within primary immunisation, RTX re-exposed patients revealed a persistent but atypical GC immune response accompanied by boosted spike-specific memory CD4 T cells upon SARS-CoV-2 recall vaccination.
Sections du résumé
Background
Durable vaccine-mediated immunity relies on the generation of long-lived plasma cells and memory B cells (MBCs), differentiating upon germinal center (GC) reactions. SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination induces a strong GC response in healthy volunteers (HC), but limited data is available about response longevity upon rituximab treatment.
Methods
We evaluated humoral and cellular responses upon 3rd vaccination in seven patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who initially mounted anti-spike SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies after primary 2x vaccination and got re-exposed to rituximab (RTX) 1-2 months after the second vaccination. Ten patients with RA on other therapies and ten HC represented the control groups. As control for known long-lived induced immunity, we analyzed humoral and cellular tetanus toxoid (TT) immune responses in steady-state.
Results
After 3
Summary
On the basis of pre-existing affinity matured MBCs within primary immunisation, RTX re-exposed patients revealed a persistent but atypical GC immune response accompanied by boosted spike-specific memory CD4 T cells upon SARS-CoV-2 recall vaccination.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36032111
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.943476
pmc: PMC9399943
doi:
Substances chimiques
Antibodies, Viral
0
COVID-19 Vaccines
0
Immunoglobulin A
0
Immunoglobulin G
0
Rituximab
4F4X42SYQ6
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
943476Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2022 Stefanski, Rincon-Arevalo, Schrezenmeier, Karberg, Szelinski, Ritter, Chen, Meisel, Jahrsdörfer, Ludwig, Schrezenmeier, Lino and Dörner.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
Références
N Engl J Med. 2021 Dec 9;385(24):e85
pubmed: 34706170
RMD Open. 2022 Mar;8(1):
pubmed: 35361691
Sci Immunol. 2021 Jun 15;6(60):
pubmed: 34131023
Lancet Rheumatol. 2022 May;4(5):e338-e350
pubmed: 35317410
Cell Host Microbe. 2022 Mar 9;30(3):400-408.e4
pubmed: 35134333
Ann Rheum Dis. 2022 Feb;81(2):289-291
pubmed: 34489304
Ann Rheum Dis. 2022 Jul;81(7):1028-1035
pubmed: 35418481
RMD Open. 2022 Feb;8(1):
pubmed: 35115385
Rheumatology (Oxford). 2019 Jun 1;58(6):1075-1085
pubmed: 30649469
J Clin Invest. 2020 Dec 1;130(12):6477-6489
pubmed: 32833687
Nature. 2022 Apr;604(7904):141-145
pubmed: 35168246
Ann Rheum Dis. 2022 Jan;81(1):145-150
pubmed: 34489305
Lancet Rheumatol. 2022 Mar;4(3):e177-e187
pubmed: 34977602
Curr Opin Immunol. 2008 Apr;20(2):162-9
pubmed: 18456483
Pathog Immun. 2021 May 14;6(1):76-103
pubmed: 34056149
Ann Rheum Dis. 2021 Jul;80(7):930-942
pubmed: 33504483
Front Immunol. 2022 Apr 19;13:822885
pubmed: 35514962
Cell. 2022 Mar 17;185(6):1008-1024.e15
pubmed: 35202565
Lancet Rheumatol. 2022 Jan;4(1):e13-e16
pubmed: 34778844
Arthritis Rheumatol. 2022 Jun;74(6):934-947
pubmed: 34962360
Annu Rev Immunol. 2012;30:429-57
pubmed: 22224772
Cell. 2020 Jan 9;180(1):92-106.e11
pubmed: 31866068
Nat Immunol. 2022 Jan;23(1):33-39
pubmed: 34848871
Arthritis Rheum. 2010 Sep;62(9):2569-81
pubmed: 20872595
Arthritis Rheum. 2010 Jan;62(1):1-5
pubmed: 20039422
Blood. 2010 Dec 9;116(24):5181-90
pubmed: 20829370