Efficacy and Safety of an Extravascular Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac / therapy Defibrillators, Implantable / adverse effects Electric Countershock / adverse effects Humans Prospective Studies Treatment Outcome

Journal

The New England journal of medicine
ISSN: 1533-4406
Titre abrégé: N Engl J Med
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0255562

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
06 10 2022
Historique:
pubmed: 30 8 2022
medline: 12 10 2022
entrez: 29 8 2022
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

The extravascular implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) has a single lead implanted substernally to enable pause-prevention pacing, antitachycardia pacing, and defibrillation energy similar to that of transvenous ICDs. The safety and efficacy of extravascular ICDs are not yet known. We conducted a prospective, single-group, nonrandomized, premarket global clinical study involving patients with a class I or IIa indication for an ICD, all of whom received an extravascular ICD system. The primary efficacy end point was successful defibrillation at implantation. The efficacy objective would be met if the lower boundary of the one-sided 97.5% confidence interval for the percentage of patients with successful defibrillation was greater than 88%. The primary safety end point was freedom from major system- or procedure-related complications at 6 months. The safety objective would be met if the lower boundary of the one-sided 97.5% confidence interval for the percentage of patients free from such complications was greater than 79%. A total of 356 patients were enrolled, 316 of whom had an implantation attempt. Among the 302 patients in whom ventricular arrhythmia could be induced and who completed the defibrillation testing protocol, the percentage of patients with successful defibrillation was 98.7% (lower boundary of the one-sided 97.5% confidence interval [CI], 96.6%; P<0.001 for the comparison with the performance goal of 88%); 299 of 316 patients (94.6%) were discharged with a working ICD system. The Kaplan-Meier estimate of the percentage of patients free from major system- or procedure-related complications at 6 months was 92.6% (lower boundary of the one-sided 97.5% CI, 89.0%; P<0.001 for the comparison with the performance goal of 79%). No major intraprocedural complications were reported. At 6 months, 25 major complications were observed, in 23 of 316 patients (7.3%). The success rate of antitachycardia pacing, as assessed with generalized estimating equations, was 50.8% (95% CI, 23.3 to 77.8). A total of 29 patients received 118 inappropriate shocks for 81 arrhythmic episodes. Eight systems were explanted without extravascular ICD replacement over the 10.6-month mean follow-up period. In this prospective global study, we found that extravascular ICDs were implanted safely and were able to detect and terminate induced ventricular arrhythmias at the time of implantation. (Funded by Medtronic; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04060680.).

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND
The extravascular implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) has a single lead implanted substernally to enable pause-prevention pacing, antitachycardia pacing, and defibrillation energy similar to that of transvenous ICDs. The safety and efficacy of extravascular ICDs are not yet known.
METHODS
We conducted a prospective, single-group, nonrandomized, premarket global clinical study involving patients with a class I or IIa indication for an ICD, all of whom received an extravascular ICD system. The primary efficacy end point was successful defibrillation at implantation. The efficacy objective would be met if the lower boundary of the one-sided 97.5% confidence interval for the percentage of patients with successful defibrillation was greater than 88%. The primary safety end point was freedom from major system- or procedure-related complications at 6 months. The safety objective would be met if the lower boundary of the one-sided 97.5% confidence interval for the percentage of patients free from such complications was greater than 79%.
RESULTS
A total of 356 patients were enrolled, 316 of whom had an implantation attempt. Among the 302 patients in whom ventricular arrhythmia could be induced and who completed the defibrillation testing protocol, the percentage of patients with successful defibrillation was 98.7% (lower boundary of the one-sided 97.5% confidence interval [CI], 96.6%; P<0.001 for the comparison with the performance goal of 88%); 299 of 316 patients (94.6%) were discharged with a working ICD system. The Kaplan-Meier estimate of the percentage of patients free from major system- or procedure-related complications at 6 months was 92.6% (lower boundary of the one-sided 97.5% CI, 89.0%; P<0.001 for the comparison with the performance goal of 79%). No major intraprocedural complications were reported. At 6 months, 25 major complications were observed, in 23 of 316 patients (7.3%). The success rate of antitachycardia pacing, as assessed with generalized estimating equations, was 50.8% (95% CI, 23.3 to 77.8). A total of 29 patients received 118 inappropriate shocks for 81 arrhythmic episodes. Eight systems were explanted without extravascular ICD replacement over the 10.6-month mean follow-up period.
CONCLUSIONS
In this prospective global study, we found that extravascular ICDs were implanted safely and were able to detect and terminate induced ventricular arrhythmias at the time of implantation. (Funded by Medtronic; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04060680.).

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2206485 PMID: 36036522
pubmed: 36036522
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2206485
doi:

Banques de données

ClinicalTrials.gov
['NCT04060680']

Types de publication

Clinical Trial Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

1292-1302

Subventions

Organisme : Medtronic
ID : ClinicalTrial.gov NCT04060680

Investigateurs

Emily Kotschet (E)
Prashanthan Sanders (P)
Gopal Sivagangabalan (G)
Andrew Teh (A)
Clemens Steinwender (C)
Jaimie Manlucu (J)
Francois Philippon (F)
Jens Brock Johansen (JB)
Nicolas Clémenty (N)
Christophe Leclercq (C)
Joseph Yat (J)
Sun Chan (S)
Béla Peter Merkely (BP)
Mauro Biffi (M)
Lucas V A Boersma (LVA)
Peter Paul (P)
Henri Marie Delnoy (HM)
Reinoud Elwin Knops (RE)
Ian George Crozier (IG)
Erik Kongsgård (E)
Maciej Sterliński (M)
Ahmad Hersi (A)
Ignacio Muñoz Carvajal (I)
Jan Steffel (J)
Francis David Murgatroyd (FD)
Richard Abben (R)
Anish Amin (A)
Ulrika Maria Birgersdotter-Green (UM)
Yong-Mei Cha (YM)
Jim Cheung (J)
Greg Engel (G)
Laurence Epstein (L)
Charles Gornick (C)
Troy Hounshell (T)
Michael Katz (M)
Sung Lee (S)
Robert Lewis (R)
Albert Lin (A)
Thomas Mattioni (T)
Brian Ramza (B)
Melissa Robinson (M)
Henri Roukoz (H)
Venkata Sagi (V)
Naushad Shaik (N)
Mark Shen (M)
Darius Sholevar (D)
Khaldoun Tarakji (K)
Sergio Thal (S)

Commentaires et corrections

Type : CommentIn

Informations de copyright

Copyright © 2022 Massachusetts Medical Society.

Auteurs

Paul Friedman (P)

From Mayo Clinic, Rochester (P.F.), and Medtronic, Mounds View (A.E.T., C.W., S.W.) - both in Minnesota; King's College Hospital, London (F.M.); the Cardiology Department, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (L.V.A.B.), and Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (L.V.A.B., R.E.K.) - both in the Netherlands; London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada (J.M.); Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia (D.O.); Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (B.P.K.); Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours-Hôpital Trousseau, Tours (N.C.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes-Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes (C.L.) - both in France; Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (A.A.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.P.M.); the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (U.M.B.-G.), and Sequoia Hospital, Redwood City (G.E.) - both in California; Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (J.Y.S.C.); the Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Cordoba, Spain (I.M.C.); Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY (L.M.E.); Baptist Health, Jacksonville, FL (V.S.); Odense Universitetshospital, Odense, Denmark (J.B.J.); Klinika Zaburzeń Rytmu Serca/Narodowy Instytut Kardiologii-Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego, Warsaw, Poland (M.S.); Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria (C.S.); the Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (T.H.); the Cardiovascular Institute of the South, Houma, LA (R.A.); and Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (I.C.).

Francis Murgatroyd (F)

From Mayo Clinic, Rochester (P.F.), and Medtronic, Mounds View (A.E.T., C.W., S.W.) - both in Minnesota; King's College Hospital, London (F.M.); the Cardiology Department, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (L.V.A.B.), and Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (L.V.A.B., R.E.K.) - both in the Netherlands; London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada (J.M.); Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia (D.O.); Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (B.P.K.); Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours-Hôpital Trousseau, Tours (N.C.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes-Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes (C.L.) - both in France; Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (A.A.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.P.M.); the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (U.M.B.-G.), and Sequoia Hospital, Redwood City (G.E.) - both in California; Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (J.Y.S.C.); the Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Cordoba, Spain (I.M.C.); Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY (L.M.E.); Baptist Health, Jacksonville, FL (V.S.); Odense Universitetshospital, Odense, Denmark (J.B.J.); Klinika Zaburzeń Rytmu Serca/Narodowy Instytut Kardiologii-Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego, Warsaw, Poland (M.S.); Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria (C.S.); the Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (T.H.); the Cardiovascular Institute of the South, Houma, LA (R.A.); and Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (I.C.).

Lucas V A Boersma (LVA)

From Mayo Clinic, Rochester (P.F.), and Medtronic, Mounds View (A.E.T., C.W., S.W.) - both in Minnesota; King's College Hospital, London (F.M.); the Cardiology Department, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (L.V.A.B.), and Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (L.V.A.B., R.E.K.) - both in the Netherlands; London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada (J.M.); Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia (D.O.); Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (B.P.K.); Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours-Hôpital Trousseau, Tours (N.C.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes-Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes (C.L.) - both in France; Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (A.A.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.P.M.); the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (U.M.B.-G.), and Sequoia Hospital, Redwood City (G.E.) - both in California; Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (J.Y.S.C.); the Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Cordoba, Spain (I.M.C.); Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY (L.M.E.); Baptist Health, Jacksonville, FL (V.S.); Odense Universitetshospital, Odense, Denmark (J.B.J.); Klinika Zaburzeń Rytmu Serca/Narodowy Instytut Kardiologii-Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego, Warsaw, Poland (M.S.); Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria (C.S.); the Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (T.H.); the Cardiovascular Institute of the South, Houma, LA (R.A.); and Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (I.C.).

Jaimie Manlucu (J)

From Mayo Clinic, Rochester (P.F.), and Medtronic, Mounds View (A.E.T., C.W., S.W.) - both in Minnesota; King's College Hospital, London (F.M.); the Cardiology Department, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (L.V.A.B.), and Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (L.V.A.B., R.E.K.) - both in the Netherlands; London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada (J.M.); Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia (D.O.); Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (B.P.K.); Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours-Hôpital Trousseau, Tours (N.C.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes-Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes (C.L.) - both in France; Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (A.A.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.P.M.); the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (U.M.B.-G.), and Sequoia Hospital, Redwood City (G.E.) - both in California; Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (J.Y.S.C.); the Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Cordoba, Spain (I.M.C.); Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY (L.M.E.); Baptist Health, Jacksonville, FL (V.S.); Odense Universitetshospital, Odense, Denmark (J.B.J.); Klinika Zaburzeń Rytmu Serca/Narodowy Instytut Kardiologii-Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego, Warsaw, Poland (M.S.); Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria (C.S.); the Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (T.H.); the Cardiovascular Institute of the South, Houma, LA (R.A.); and Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (I.C.).

David O'Donnell (D)

From Mayo Clinic, Rochester (P.F.), and Medtronic, Mounds View (A.E.T., C.W., S.W.) - both in Minnesota; King's College Hospital, London (F.M.); the Cardiology Department, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (L.V.A.B.), and Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (L.V.A.B., R.E.K.) - both in the Netherlands; London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada (J.M.); Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia (D.O.); Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (B.P.K.); Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours-Hôpital Trousseau, Tours (N.C.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes-Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes (C.L.) - both in France; Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (A.A.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.P.M.); the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (U.M.B.-G.), and Sequoia Hospital, Redwood City (G.E.) - both in California; Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (J.Y.S.C.); the Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Cordoba, Spain (I.M.C.); Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY (L.M.E.); Baptist Health, Jacksonville, FL (V.S.); Odense Universitetshospital, Odense, Denmark (J.B.J.); Klinika Zaburzeń Rytmu Serca/Narodowy Instytut Kardiologii-Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego, Warsaw, Poland (M.S.); Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria (C.S.); the Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (T.H.); the Cardiovascular Institute of the South, Houma, LA (R.A.); and Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (I.C.).

Bradley P Knight (BP)

From Mayo Clinic, Rochester (P.F.), and Medtronic, Mounds View (A.E.T., C.W., S.W.) - both in Minnesota; King's College Hospital, London (F.M.); the Cardiology Department, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (L.V.A.B.), and Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (L.V.A.B., R.E.K.) - both in the Netherlands; London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada (J.M.); Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia (D.O.); Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (B.P.K.); Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours-Hôpital Trousseau, Tours (N.C.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes-Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes (C.L.) - both in France; Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (A.A.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.P.M.); the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (U.M.B.-G.), and Sequoia Hospital, Redwood City (G.E.) - both in California; Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (J.Y.S.C.); the Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Cordoba, Spain (I.M.C.); Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY (L.M.E.); Baptist Health, Jacksonville, FL (V.S.); Odense Universitetshospital, Odense, Denmark (J.B.J.); Klinika Zaburzeń Rytmu Serca/Narodowy Instytut Kardiologii-Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego, Warsaw, Poland (M.S.); Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria (C.S.); the Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (T.H.); the Cardiovascular Institute of the South, Houma, LA (R.A.); and Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (I.C.).

Nicolas Clémenty (N)

From Mayo Clinic, Rochester (P.F.), and Medtronic, Mounds View (A.E.T., C.W., S.W.) - both in Minnesota; King's College Hospital, London (F.M.); the Cardiology Department, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (L.V.A.B.), and Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (L.V.A.B., R.E.K.) - both in the Netherlands; London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada (J.M.); Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia (D.O.); Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (B.P.K.); Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours-Hôpital Trousseau, Tours (N.C.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes-Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes (C.L.) - both in France; Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (A.A.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.P.M.); the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (U.M.B.-G.), and Sequoia Hospital, Redwood City (G.E.) - both in California; Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (J.Y.S.C.); the Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Cordoba, Spain (I.M.C.); Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY (L.M.E.); Baptist Health, Jacksonville, FL (V.S.); Odense Universitetshospital, Odense, Denmark (J.B.J.); Klinika Zaburzeń Rytmu Serca/Narodowy Instytut Kardiologii-Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego, Warsaw, Poland (M.S.); Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria (C.S.); the Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (T.H.); the Cardiovascular Institute of the South, Houma, LA (R.A.); and Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (I.C.).

Christophe Leclercq (C)

From Mayo Clinic, Rochester (P.F.), and Medtronic, Mounds View (A.E.T., C.W., S.W.) - both in Minnesota; King's College Hospital, London (F.M.); the Cardiology Department, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (L.V.A.B.), and Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (L.V.A.B., R.E.K.) - both in the Netherlands; London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada (J.M.); Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia (D.O.); Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (B.P.K.); Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours-Hôpital Trousseau, Tours (N.C.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes-Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes (C.L.) - both in France; Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (A.A.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.P.M.); the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (U.M.B.-G.), and Sequoia Hospital, Redwood City (G.E.) - both in California; Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (J.Y.S.C.); the Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Cordoba, Spain (I.M.C.); Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY (L.M.E.); Baptist Health, Jacksonville, FL (V.S.); Odense Universitetshospital, Odense, Denmark (J.B.J.); Klinika Zaburzeń Rytmu Serca/Narodowy Instytut Kardiologii-Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego, Warsaw, Poland (M.S.); Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria (C.S.); the Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (T.H.); the Cardiovascular Institute of the South, Houma, LA (R.A.); and Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (I.C.).

Anish Amin (A)

From Mayo Clinic, Rochester (P.F.), and Medtronic, Mounds View (A.E.T., C.W., S.W.) - both in Minnesota; King's College Hospital, London (F.M.); the Cardiology Department, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (L.V.A.B.), and Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (L.V.A.B., R.E.K.) - both in the Netherlands; London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada (J.M.); Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia (D.O.); Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (B.P.K.); Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours-Hôpital Trousseau, Tours (N.C.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes-Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes (C.L.) - both in France; Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (A.A.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.P.M.); the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (U.M.B.-G.), and Sequoia Hospital, Redwood City (G.E.) - both in California; Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (J.Y.S.C.); the Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Cordoba, Spain (I.M.C.); Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY (L.M.E.); Baptist Health, Jacksonville, FL (V.S.); Odense Universitetshospital, Odense, Denmark (J.B.J.); Klinika Zaburzeń Rytmu Serca/Narodowy Instytut Kardiologii-Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego, Warsaw, Poland (M.S.); Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria (C.S.); the Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (T.H.); the Cardiovascular Institute of the South, Houma, LA (R.A.); and Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (I.C.).

Béla P Merkely (BP)

From Mayo Clinic, Rochester (P.F.), and Medtronic, Mounds View (A.E.T., C.W., S.W.) - both in Minnesota; King's College Hospital, London (F.M.); the Cardiology Department, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (L.V.A.B.), and Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (L.V.A.B., R.E.K.) - both in the Netherlands; London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada (J.M.); Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia (D.O.); Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (B.P.K.); Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours-Hôpital Trousseau, Tours (N.C.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes-Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes (C.L.) - both in France; Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (A.A.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.P.M.); the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (U.M.B.-G.), and Sequoia Hospital, Redwood City (G.E.) - both in California; Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (J.Y.S.C.); the Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Cordoba, Spain (I.M.C.); Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY (L.M.E.); Baptist Health, Jacksonville, FL (V.S.); Odense Universitetshospital, Odense, Denmark (J.B.J.); Klinika Zaburzeń Rytmu Serca/Narodowy Instytut Kardiologii-Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego, Warsaw, Poland (M.S.); Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria (C.S.); the Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (T.H.); the Cardiovascular Institute of the South, Houma, LA (R.A.); and Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (I.C.).

Ulrika M Birgersdotter-Green (UM)

From Mayo Clinic, Rochester (P.F.), and Medtronic, Mounds View (A.E.T., C.W., S.W.) - both in Minnesota; King's College Hospital, London (F.M.); the Cardiology Department, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (L.V.A.B.), and Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (L.V.A.B., R.E.K.) - both in the Netherlands; London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada (J.M.); Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia (D.O.); Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (B.P.K.); Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours-Hôpital Trousseau, Tours (N.C.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes-Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes (C.L.) - both in France; Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (A.A.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.P.M.); the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (U.M.B.-G.), and Sequoia Hospital, Redwood City (G.E.) - both in California; Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (J.Y.S.C.); the Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Cordoba, Spain (I.M.C.); Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY (L.M.E.); Baptist Health, Jacksonville, FL (V.S.); Odense Universitetshospital, Odense, Denmark (J.B.J.); Klinika Zaburzeń Rytmu Serca/Narodowy Instytut Kardiologii-Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego, Warsaw, Poland (M.S.); Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria (C.S.); the Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (T.H.); the Cardiovascular Institute of the South, Houma, LA (R.A.); and Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (I.C.).

Joseph Y S Chan (JYS)

From Mayo Clinic, Rochester (P.F.), and Medtronic, Mounds View (A.E.T., C.W., S.W.) - both in Minnesota; King's College Hospital, London (F.M.); the Cardiology Department, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (L.V.A.B.), and Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (L.V.A.B., R.E.K.) - both in the Netherlands; London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada (J.M.); Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia (D.O.); Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (B.P.K.); Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours-Hôpital Trousseau, Tours (N.C.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes-Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes (C.L.) - both in France; Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (A.A.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.P.M.); the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (U.M.B.-G.), and Sequoia Hospital, Redwood City (G.E.) - both in California; Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (J.Y.S.C.); the Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Cordoba, Spain (I.M.C.); Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY (L.M.E.); Baptist Health, Jacksonville, FL (V.S.); Odense Universitetshospital, Odense, Denmark (J.B.J.); Klinika Zaburzeń Rytmu Serca/Narodowy Instytut Kardiologii-Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego, Warsaw, Poland (M.S.); Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria (C.S.); the Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (T.H.); the Cardiovascular Institute of the South, Houma, LA (R.A.); and Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (I.C.).

Mauro Biffi (M)

From Mayo Clinic, Rochester (P.F.), and Medtronic, Mounds View (A.E.T., C.W., S.W.) - both in Minnesota; King's College Hospital, London (F.M.); the Cardiology Department, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (L.V.A.B.), and Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (L.V.A.B., R.E.K.) - both in the Netherlands; London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada (J.M.); Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia (D.O.); Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (B.P.K.); Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours-Hôpital Trousseau, Tours (N.C.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes-Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes (C.L.) - both in France; Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (A.A.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.P.M.); the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (U.M.B.-G.), and Sequoia Hospital, Redwood City (G.E.) - both in California; Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (J.Y.S.C.); the Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Cordoba, Spain (I.M.C.); Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY (L.M.E.); Baptist Health, Jacksonville, FL (V.S.); Odense Universitetshospital, Odense, Denmark (J.B.J.); Klinika Zaburzeń Rytmu Serca/Narodowy Instytut Kardiologii-Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego, Warsaw, Poland (M.S.); Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria (C.S.); the Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (T.H.); the Cardiovascular Institute of the South, Houma, LA (R.A.); and Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (I.C.).

Reinoud E Knops (RE)

From Mayo Clinic, Rochester (P.F.), and Medtronic, Mounds View (A.E.T., C.W., S.W.) - both in Minnesota; King's College Hospital, London (F.M.); the Cardiology Department, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (L.V.A.B.), and Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (L.V.A.B., R.E.K.) - both in the Netherlands; London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada (J.M.); Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia (D.O.); Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (B.P.K.); Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours-Hôpital Trousseau, Tours (N.C.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes-Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes (C.L.) - both in France; Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (A.A.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.P.M.); the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (U.M.B.-G.), and Sequoia Hospital, Redwood City (G.E.) - both in California; Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (J.Y.S.C.); the Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Cordoba, Spain (I.M.C.); Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY (L.M.E.); Baptist Health, Jacksonville, FL (V.S.); Odense Universitetshospital, Odense, Denmark (J.B.J.); Klinika Zaburzeń Rytmu Serca/Narodowy Instytut Kardiologii-Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego, Warsaw, Poland (M.S.); Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria (C.S.); the Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (T.H.); the Cardiovascular Institute of the South, Houma, LA (R.A.); and Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (I.C.).

Greg Engel (G)

From Mayo Clinic, Rochester (P.F.), and Medtronic, Mounds View (A.E.T., C.W., S.W.) - both in Minnesota; King's College Hospital, London (F.M.); the Cardiology Department, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (L.V.A.B.), and Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (L.V.A.B., R.E.K.) - both in the Netherlands; London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada (J.M.); Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia (D.O.); Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (B.P.K.); Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours-Hôpital Trousseau, Tours (N.C.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes-Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes (C.L.) - both in France; Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (A.A.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.P.M.); the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (U.M.B.-G.), and Sequoia Hospital, Redwood City (G.E.) - both in California; Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (J.Y.S.C.); the Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Cordoba, Spain (I.M.C.); Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY (L.M.E.); Baptist Health, Jacksonville, FL (V.S.); Odense Universitetshospital, Odense, Denmark (J.B.J.); Klinika Zaburzeń Rytmu Serca/Narodowy Instytut Kardiologii-Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego, Warsaw, Poland (M.S.); Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria (C.S.); the Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (T.H.); the Cardiovascular Institute of the South, Houma, LA (R.A.); and Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (I.C.).

Ignacio Muñoz Carvajal (I)

From Mayo Clinic, Rochester (P.F.), and Medtronic, Mounds View (A.E.T., C.W., S.W.) - both in Minnesota; King's College Hospital, London (F.M.); the Cardiology Department, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (L.V.A.B.), and Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (L.V.A.B., R.E.K.) - both in the Netherlands; London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada (J.M.); Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia (D.O.); Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (B.P.K.); Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours-Hôpital Trousseau, Tours (N.C.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes-Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes (C.L.) - both in France; Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (A.A.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.P.M.); the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (U.M.B.-G.), and Sequoia Hospital, Redwood City (G.E.) - both in California; Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (J.Y.S.C.); the Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Cordoba, Spain (I.M.C.); Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY (L.M.E.); Baptist Health, Jacksonville, FL (V.S.); Odense Universitetshospital, Odense, Denmark (J.B.J.); Klinika Zaburzeń Rytmu Serca/Narodowy Instytut Kardiologii-Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego, Warsaw, Poland (M.S.); Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria (C.S.); the Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (T.H.); the Cardiovascular Institute of the South, Houma, LA (R.A.); and Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (I.C.).

Laurence M Epstein (LM)

From Mayo Clinic, Rochester (P.F.), and Medtronic, Mounds View (A.E.T., C.W., S.W.) - both in Minnesota; King's College Hospital, London (F.M.); the Cardiology Department, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (L.V.A.B.), and Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (L.V.A.B., R.E.K.) - both in the Netherlands; London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada (J.M.); Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia (D.O.); Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (B.P.K.); Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours-Hôpital Trousseau, Tours (N.C.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes-Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes (C.L.) - both in France; Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (A.A.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.P.M.); the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (U.M.B.-G.), and Sequoia Hospital, Redwood City (G.E.) - both in California; Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (J.Y.S.C.); the Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Cordoba, Spain (I.M.C.); Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY (L.M.E.); Baptist Health, Jacksonville, FL (V.S.); Odense Universitetshospital, Odense, Denmark (J.B.J.); Klinika Zaburzeń Rytmu Serca/Narodowy Instytut Kardiologii-Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego, Warsaw, Poland (M.S.); Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria (C.S.); the Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (T.H.); the Cardiovascular Institute of the South, Houma, LA (R.A.); and Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (I.C.).

Venkata Sagi (V)

From Mayo Clinic, Rochester (P.F.), and Medtronic, Mounds View (A.E.T., C.W., S.W.) - both in Minnesota; King's College Hospital, London (F.M.); the Cardiology Department, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (L.V.A.B.), and Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (L.V.A.B., R.E.K.) - both in the Netherlands; London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada (J.M.); Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia (D.O.); Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (B.P.K.); Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours-Hôpital Trousseau, Tours (N.C.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes-Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes (C.L.) - both in France; Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (A.A.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.P.M.); the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (U.M.B.-G.), and Sequoia Hospital, Redwood City (G.E.) - both in California; Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (J.Y.S.C.); the Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Cordoba, Spain (I.M.C.); Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY (L.M.E.); Baptist Health, Jacksonville, FL (V.S.); Odense Universitetshospital, Odense, Denmark (J.B.J.); Klinika Zaburzeń Rytmu Serca/Narodowy Instytut Kardiologii-Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego, Warsaw, Poland (M.S.); Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria (C.S.); the Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (T.H.); the Cardiovascular Institute of the South, Houma, LA (R.A.); and Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (I.C.).

Jens B Johansen (JB)

From Mayo Clinic, Rochester (P.F.), and Medtronic, Mounds View (A.E.T., C.W., S.W.) - both in Minnesota; King's College Hospital, London (F.M.); the Cardiology Department, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (L.V.A.B.), and Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (L.V.A.B., R.E.K.) - both in the Netherlands; London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada (J.M.); Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia (D.O.); Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (B.P.K.); Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours-Hôpital Trousseau, Tours (N.C.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes-Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes (C.L.) - both in France; Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (A.A.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.P.M.); the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (U.M.B.-G.), and Sequoia Hospital, Redwood City (G.E.) - both in California; Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (J.Y.S.C.); the Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Cordoba, Spain (I.M.C.); Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY (L.M.E.); Baptist Health, Jacksonville, FL (V.S.); Odense Universitetshospital, Odense, Denmark (J.B.J.); Klinika Zaburzeń Rytmu Serca/Narodowy Instytut Kardiologii-Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego, Warsaw, Poland (M.S.); Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria (C.S.); the Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (T.H.); the Cardiovascular Institute of the South, Houma, LA (R.A.); and Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (I.C.).

Maciej Sterliński (M)

From Mayo Clinic, Rochester (P.F.), and Medtronic, Mounds View (A.E.T., C.W., S.W.) - both in Minnesota; King's College Hospital, London (F.M.); the Cardiology Department, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (L.V.A.B.), and Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (L.V.A.B., R.E.K.) - both in the Netherlands; London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada (J.M.); Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia (D.O.); Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (B.P.K.); Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours-Hôpital Trousseau, Tours (N.C.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes-Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes (C.L.) - both in France; Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (A.A.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.P.M.); the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (U.M.B.-G.), and Sequoia Hospital, Redwood City (G.E.) - both in California; Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (J.Y.S.C.); the Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Cordoba, Spain (I.M.C.); Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY (L.M.E.); Baptist Health, Jacksonville, FL (V.S.); Odense Universitetshospital, Odense, Denmark (J.B.J.); Klinika Zaburzeń Rytmu Serca/Narodowy Instytut Kardiologii-Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego, Warsaw, Poland (M.S.); Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria (C.S.); the Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (T.H.); the Cardiovascular Institute of the South, Houma, LA (R.A.); and Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (I.C.).

Clemens Steinwender (C)

From Mayo Clinic, Rochester (P.F.), and Medtronic, Mounds View (A.E.T., C.W., S.W.) - both in Minnesota; King's College Hospital, London (F.M.); the Cardiology Department, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (L.V.A.B.), and Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (L.V.A.B., R.E.K.) - both in the Netherlands; London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada (J.M.); Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia (D.O.); Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (B.P.K.); Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours-Hôpital Trousseau, Tours (N.C.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes-Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes (C.L.) - both in France; Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (A.A.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.P.M.); the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (U.M.B.-G.), and Sequoia Hospital, Redwood City (G.E.) - both in California; Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (J.Y.S.C.); the Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Cordoba, Spain (I.M.C.); Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY (L.M.E.); Baptist Health, Jacksonville, FL (V.S.); Odense Universitetshospital, Odense, Denmark (J.B.J.); Klinika Zaburzeń Rytmu Serca/Narodowy Instytut Kardiologii-Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego, Warsaw, Poland (M.S.); Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria (C.S.); the Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (T.H.); the Cardiovascular Institute of the South, Houma, LA (R.A.); and Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (I.C.).

Troy Hounshell (T)

From Mayo Clinic, Rochester (P.F.), and Medtronic, Mounds View (A.E.T., C.W., S.W.) - both in Minnesota; King's College Hospital, London (F.M.); the Cardiology Department, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (L.V.A.B.), and Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (L.V.A.B., R.E.K.) - both in the Netherlands; London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada (J.M.); Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia (D.O.); Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (B.P.K.); Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours-Hôpital Trousseau, Tours (N.C.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes-Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes (C.L.) - both in France; Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (A.A.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.P.M.); the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (U.M.B.-G.), and Sequoia Hospital, Redwood City (G.E.) - both in California; Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (J.Y.S.C.); the Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Cordoba, Spain (I.M.C.); Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY (L.M.E.); Baptist Health, Jacksonville, FL (V.S.); Odense Universitetshospital, Odense, Denmark (J.B.J.); Klinika Zaburzeń Rytmu Serca/Narodowy Instytut Kardiologii-Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego, Warsaw, Poland (M.S.); Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria (C.S.); the Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (T.H.); the Cardiovascular Institute of the South, Houma, LA (R.A.); and Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (I.C.).

Richard Abben (R)

From Mayo Clinic, Rochester (P.F.), and Medtronic, Mounds View (A.E.T., C.W., S.W.) - both in Minnesota; King's College Hospital, London (F.M.); the Cardiology Department, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (L.V.A.B.), and Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (L.V.A.B., R.E.K.) - both in the Netherlands; London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada (J.M.); Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia (D.O.); Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (B.P.K.); Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours-Hôpital Trousseau, Tours (N.C.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes-Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes (C.L.) - both in France; Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (A.A.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.P.M.); the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (U.M.B.-G.), and Sequoia Hospital, Redwood City (G.E.) - both in California; Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (J.Y.S.C.); the Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Cordoba, Spain (I.M.C.); Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY (L.M.E.); Baptist Health, Jacksonville, FL (V.S.); Odense Universitetshospital, Odense, Denmark (J.B.J.); Klinika Zaburzeń Rytmu Serca/Narodowy Instytut Kardiologii-Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego, Warsaw, Poland (M.S.); Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria (C.S.); the Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (T.H.); the Cardiovascular Institute of the South, Houma, LA (R.A.); and Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (I.C.).

Amy E Thompson (AE)

From Mayo Clinic, Rochester (P.F.), and Medtronic, Mounds View (A.E.T., C.W., S.W.) - both in Minnesota; King's College Hospital, London (F.M.); the Cardiology Department, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (L.V.A.B.), and Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (L.V.A.B., R.E.K.) - both in the Netherlands; London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada (J.M.); Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia (D.O.); Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (B.P.K.); Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours-Hôpital Trousseau, Tours (N.C.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes-Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes (C.L.) - both in France; Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (A.A.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.P.M.); the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (U.M.B.-G.), and Sequoia Hospital, Redwood City (G.E.) - both in California; Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (J.Y.S.C.); the Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Cordoba, Spain (I.M.C.); Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY (L.M.E.); Baptist Health, Jacksonville, FL (V.S.); Odense Universitetshospital, Odense, Denmark (J.B.J.); Klinika Zaburzeń Rytmu Serca/Narodowy Instytut Kardiologii-Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego, Warsaw, Poland (M.S.); Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria (C.S.); the Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (T.H.); the Cardiovascular Institute of the South, Houma, LA (R.A.); and Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (I.C.).

Christopher Wiggenhorn (C)

From Mayo Clinic, Rochester (P.F.), and Medtronic, Mounds View (A.E.T., C.W., S.W.) - both in Minnesota; King's College Hospital, London (F.M.); the Cardiology Department, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (L.V.A.B.), and Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (L.V.A.B., R.E.K.) - both in the Netherlands; London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada (J.M.); Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia (D.O.); Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (B.P.K.); Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours-Hôpital Trousseau, Tours (N.C.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes-Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes (C.L.) - both in France; Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (A.A.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.P.M.); the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (U.M.B.-G.), and Sequoia Hospital, Redwood City (G.E.) - both in California; Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (J.Y.S.C.); the Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Cordoba, Spain (I.M.C.); Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY (L.M.E.); Baptist Health, Jacksonville, FL (V.S.); Odense Universitetshospital, Odense, Denmark (J.B.J.); Klinika Zaburzeń Rytmu Serca/Narodowy Instytut Kardiologii-Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego, Warsaw, Poland (M.S.); Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria (C.S.); the Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (T.H.); the Cardiovascular Institute of the South, Houma, LA (R.A.); and Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (I.C.).

Sarah Willey (S)

From Mayo Clinic, Rochester (P.F.), and Medtronic, Mounds View (A.E.T., C.W., S.W.) - both in Minnesota; King's College Hospital, London (F.M.); the Cardiology Department, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (L.V.A.B.), and Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (L.V.A.B., R.E.K.) - both in the Netherlands; London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada (J.M.); Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia (D.O.); Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (B.P.K.); Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours-Hôpital Trousseau, Tours (N.C.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes-Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes (C.L.) - both in France; Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (A.A.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.P.M.); the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (U.M.B.-G.), and Sequoia Hospital, Redwood City (G.E.) - both in California; Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (J.Y.S.C.); the Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Cordoba, Spain (I.M.C.); Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY (L.M.E.); Baptist Health, Jacksonville, FL (V.S.); Odense Universitetshospital, Odense, Denmark (J.B.J.); Klinika Zaburzeń Rytmu Serca/Narodowy Instytut Kardiologii-Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego, Warsaw, Poland (M.S.); Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria (C.S.); the Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (T.H.); the Cardiovascular Institute of the South, Houma, LA (R.A.); and Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (I.C.).

Ian Crozier (I)

From Mayo Clinic, Rochester (P.F.), and Medtronic, Mounds View (A.E.T., C.W., S.W.) - both in Minnesota; King's College Hospital, London (F.M.); the Cardiology Department, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (L.V.A.B.), and Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (L.V.A.B., R.E.K.) - both in the Netherlands; London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada (J.M.); Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia (D.O.); Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (B.P.K.); Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours-Hôpital Trousseau, Tours (N.C.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes-Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes (C.L.) - both in France; Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH (A.A.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.P.M.); the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (U.M.B.-G.), and Sequoia Hospital, Redwood City (G.E.) - both in California; Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (J.Y.S.C.); the Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Cordoba, Spain (I.M.C.); Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY (L.M.E.); Baptist Health, Jacksonville, FL (V.S.); Odense Universitetshospital, Odense, Denmark (J.B.J.); Klinika Zaburzeń Rytmu Serca/Narodowy Instytut Kardiologii-Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego, Warsaw, Poland (M.S.); Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria (C.S.); the Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (T.H.); the Cardiovascular Institute of the South, Houma, LA (R.A.); and Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (I.C.).

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Classifications MeSH

questionsmedicales.fr › États, signes et symptômes pathologiques › Processus pathologiques › Troubles du rythme cardiaque › Efficacy and Safety of an Extravascular...
questionsmedicales.fr › Équipement et fournitures › Prothèses et implants › Électrodes implantées › Défibrillateurs implantables › Efficacy and Safety of an Extravascular...
questionsmedicales.fr › Thérapeutique › Défibrillation › Efficacy and Safety of an Extravascular...
questionsmedicales.fr › Eucaryotes › Animaux › Chordés › Vertébrés › Mammifères › Eutheria › Primates › Haplorhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Humains › Efficacy and Safety of an Extravascular...
questionsmedicales.fr › Environnement et santé publique › Santé publique › Méthodes épidémiologiques › Caractéristiques des études épidémiologiques › Études épidémiologiques › Études de cohortes › Études prospectives › Efficacy and Safety of an Extravascular...
questionsmedicales.fr › Qualité, accès, évaluation des soins de santé › Qualité des soins de santé › Mécanismes d'évaluation des soins de santé › Évaluation des résultats et des processus en soins de santé › Évaluation de résultat (soins) › Résultat thérapeutique › Efficacy and Safety of an Extravascular...