Stressful life events among women living homeless in Nicaragua, a low-income country.
discrimination
homeless
low-income country
social exclusion
stressful life events
women
Journal
Journal of community psychology
ISSN: 1520-6629
Titre abrégé: J Community Psychol
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0367033
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
05 2023
05 2023
Historique:
received:
21
11
2021
accepted:
13
08
2022
medline:
11
4
2023
pubmed:
30
8
2022
entrez:
29
8
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Nicaragua is one of the lowest income countries in Latin America, where there is a shortage of data on women living homeless. This paper analyses the types, timing and perceived causality of stressful life events (SLE) suffered both during childhood and adolescence and throughout life by women living homeless (n = 30). A structured interview was used to collect the data. Findings showed that women living homeless in Nicaragua suffered a very high number of SLEs, and that these were extremely severe and from very early ages. Most of the SLEs took place before the women became homeless. The SLEs suffered by the women interviewed in Nicaragua were largely similar to those seen in women living homeless in other cultural contexts with higher incomes, although it should be noted that those interviewed in Nicaragua had suffered a higher number of SLE during their childhood and adolescence. The women interviewed mainly attributed finding themselves homeless to having suffered SLEs in the family environment. The suffering of multiple and severe SLEs, largely leading to living in socioeconomically disadvantaged situations, seem to present a significant vulnerability factor both for becoming homeless and remaining homeless over time.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1495-1503Informations de copyright
© 2022 The Authors. Journal of Community Psychology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Références
Arangua, L., Andersen, R., & Gelberg, L. (2005). The health circumstances of homeless women in the United States. International Journal of Mental Health, 34(2), 62-92. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207411.2005.11043398
Bonilla-Algovia, E., Rivas-Rivero, E., & Vázquez, J. J. (2020). Impact of gender-based violence on psychological distress and happiness in Leon (Nicaragua). Health Care for Women International, 41(6), 673-689. https://doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2020.1764564
Busch-Geertsema, V., Culhane, D., & Fitzpatrick, S. (2016). Developing a global framework for conceptualising and measuring homelessness. Habitat International, 55, 124-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2016.03.004
Croply, M., & Steptoe, A. (2005). Social support, life events and physical symptoms: A prospective study of chronic and recent life stress in men and women. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 10, 317-325. https://doi.org/10.1080/1354850500093365
Guillén, A. I., Marín, C., Panadero, S., & Vázquez, J. J. (2020). Substance use, stressful life events and mental health: A longitudinal study among homeless women in Madrid (Spain). Addictive Behaviors, 103, 106246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106246
Hackett, R., Hackett, L., Bhakta, P., & Gowers, S. (2000). Life events in a south Indian population and their association with psychiatric disorder in children. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 46, 201-207. https://doi.org/10.1177/002076400004600306
Hatch, S. L., & Dohrenwend, B. P. (2007). Distribution of traumatic and other stressful life events by race/ethnicity, gender, SES, and age: A review of the research. American Journal of Community Psychology, 40, 313-332. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-007-9134-z
Herman, D. B., Susser, E. S., Struening, E. L., & Link, B. L. (1997). Adverse childhood experiences: Are they risk factors for adult homelessness. American Journal of Public Health, 87(2), 249-255. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.87.2.249
Ji, E. (2006). A study of structural risk factors of homelessness in 52 metropolitan areas in the United States. International Journal of Social Work, 49(1), 107-117. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020872806059407
Koegel, P., Melamid, E., & Burnam, M. A. (1995). Childhood risk factors for homelessness among homeless adults. American Journal of Public Health, 85(12), 1642-1649. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.85.12.1642
Krug, E. G. (2004). Injury surveillance is key to preventing injuries. Lancet, 364, 1563-1566. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17328-5
Matulič, M. V., De-Vicente, I., Boixadós, A., & Caïs, J. (2019). Las mujeres sin hogar: Realidades ocultas de la exclusión social. Trabajo Social Global-Global Social Work, 9(16), 49-68. https://doi.org/10.30827/tsggsw.v9i16.8198
Mayock, P., & Bretherton, J. (2016). Women's homelessness in Europe. Palgrave Macmillan.
Muñoz, M., Vázquez, C., Bermejo, M., & Vázquez, J. J. (1999). Stressful life events among homeless people: Quantity, types, timing and perceived causality. Journal of Community Psychology, 27(1), 73-87. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6629(199901)27:13C73::AID-JCOP5%3E3.0.CO;2-%23
Noell, J., Rohde, P., Seeley, J., & Ochs, L. (2001). Childhood sexual abuse, adolescent sexual coercion and sexually transmitted infection acquisition among homeless female adolescents. Child Abuse & Neglect, 25(1), 137-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(00)00223-4
Pleace, N. (2016). Researching homelessness in Europe: Theoretical perspectives. European Journal of Homelessness, 10(3), 19-44.
Rivas, E., Bonilla, E., & Vázquez, J. J. (2020). Consequences of the exposure to abuse in the family of origin among victims of intimate partner violence in Nicaragua. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 90(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000374
Rivas, E., Panadero, S., & Vázquez, J. J. (2021). Intimate partner sexual violence and violent victimisation among women living homeless in Madrid (Spain). Journal of Community Psychology, 49(7), 2493-2505. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22619
Rodríguez-Moreno, S., Roca, P., Panadero, S., & Vázquez, J. J. (2021). Differences in stressful life events between men and women experiencing homelessness. Journal of Community Psychology, 49(2), 375-389. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22465
Ryan, G. W., Stern, S. A., Hilton, L., Tucker, J. S., Kennedy, D. P., Golinelli, D., & Wenzel, S. L. (2009). When, where, why and with whom homeless women engage in risky sexual behaviors: A framework for understanding complex and varied decision-making processes. Sex Roles, 61(7−8), 536-553. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-009-9610-z
Springer, S. (2000). Homelessness: A proposal for a global definition and classification. Habitat International, 24(4), 475-484. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0197-3975(00)00010-2
Stein, J. A., Leslie, M. B., & Nyamathi, A. (2002). Relative contributions of parent substance use and childhood maltreatment to chronic homelessness, depression, and substance abuse problems among homeless women: Mediating roles of self-esteem and abuse in adulthood. Child Abuse & Neglect, 26(10), 1011-1027. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(02)00382-4
Suarez, A., Berrios, A., Bonilla, E., & Vázquez, J. J. (2018). Homeless people in Nicaragua: A point-in-time count in León. Journal of International Development, 30(1), 155-158. https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.3303
Susser, E., Struening, E. L., & Conover, S. (1987). Childhood experiences of homeless men. American Journal of Psychiatry, 144(12), 1599-1601. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.144.12.1599
Tessler, R., Rosenheck, R., & Gamache, G. (2001). Gender differences in self-reported reasons for homelessness. Journal of Social Distress and the Homeless, 10(3), 243-254. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016688707698
Tipple, G., & Speak, S. (2009). The hidden millions: Homelessness in developing countries. Routledge.
Toro, P. A. (2007). Toward an international understanding of homelessness. Journal of Social Issues, 63(3), 461-481. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.2007.00519.x
Tyler, K. A., & Cauce, A. M. (2002). Perpetrators of early physical and sexual abuse among homeless and runaway adolescents. Child Abuse & Neglect, 26(12), 1261-1274. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(02)00413-1
UNDP (United Nations Development Programme). (2020). Human development report 2020: The next frontier human development and the anthropocene. United Nations Development Programme.
Vázquez, J. J., Berrios, A., Bonilla, E., & Suarez, A. (2019). Homeless people in León (Nicaragua): Conceptualizing and measuring homelessness in a developing country. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 89(2), 296-303. https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000336
Vázquez, J. J., Berrios, A., & Suarez, A. (2020). Health, disability and consumption of psychoactive substances among people in a homeless situation in León (Nicaragua). Social Work in Health Care, 59(9−10), 694-708. https://doi.org/10.1080/00981389.2020.1835785
Vázquez, J. J., Panadero, S., & Pascual, I. (2019). The particularly vulnerable situation of women living homeless in Madrid (Spain). Spanish Journal of Psychology, 22, e52. https://doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2019.58
Vázquez, J. J., Panadero, S., & Zúñiga, C. (2018). Attributions about homelessness in homeless and domiciled people in Madrid, Spain: «Why are they homeless people?». American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 88(2), 236-247. https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000246
Vázquez, J. J., Suarez, A., Berrios, A., & Panadero, S. (2019). Stressful life events among homeless people in León (Nicaragua): Quantity, types, timing, and perceived causality. Journal of Community Psychology, 47(1), 176-185. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22102
Vázquez, J. J., Suarez, A., Berrios, A., & Panadero, S. (2021). Intersecting vulnerabilities, intersectional discrimination, and stigmatization among people living homeless in Nicaragua. Social Science Quarterly, 102(1), 618-627. https://doi.org/10.1111/ssqu.12879
Whitfield, C. L. (1998). Adverse childhood experiences and trauma. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 14(4), 361-364. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00013-0
Zugazaga, C. (2004). Stressful life event experiences of homeless adults: A comparison of single men, single women, and women with children. Journal of Community Psychology, 32(6), 643-654. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20025