Sphingomyelin in Human Breast Milk might be Essential for the Hippocampus Maturation.
cell differentiation
embryonic hippocampal cells
human milk
neurites
sphingomyelin
Journal
Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition)
ISSN: 2768-6698
Titre abrégé: Front Biosci (Landmark Ed)
Pays: Singapore
ID NLM: 101612996
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
17 08 2022
17 08 2022
Historique:
received:
24
04
2022
revised:
21
07
2022
accepted:
08
08
2022
entrez:
30
8
2022
pubmed:
31
8
2022
medline:
3
9
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
It has been established that sphingomyelin present human breast milk is useful for the brain maturation and cognitive development. At 10 days of breastfeeding the sphingomyelin content is double that present in cow's milk and its content is independent of the maternal diet. The aim of the study was to analyze the content of sphingomyelin in breast milk at 3 months of breastfeeding and to consider the effect of this molecule on synaptic function and nerve conduction through the probable expansion of myelinated axons. Therefore, to begin to define and assess this, we performed sphingolipidomic analysis in human breast milk. Then, we cultured embryonic hippocampal cells (HN9.10) in the presence of sphingomyelin at a concentration from 0.6% to 31% of human milk, estimated by considering its bioavailability and its passage into the interstitial fluid. To highlight the effect of sphingomyelin in the cells, cell viability and morphology were evaluated. Analyses of neutral sphingomyelinase gene and protein expression was performed. The entry of sphingomyelin into the cell was studied in immunofluorescence; the expression of heavy neurofilament (NF200) was tested with immunocytochemical technique. We demonstrated that sphingomyelin is able to enter cell nucleus and overexpress the sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 4 ( We speculated that the sphingomyelin present in human breast milk is useful in part to regulate nuclear activity and in part to form myelin sheet to facilitate nerve cell maturation. As brain development occurs at 0-3 years, these data open a new avenue of potential intervention to integrate the infant formulas with SM to obtain a product similar to the maternal milk.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
It has been established that sphingomyelin present human breast milk is useful for the brain maturation and cognitive development. At 10 days of breastfeeding the sphingomyelin content is double that present in cow's milk and its content is independent of the maternal diet. The aim of the study was to analyze the content of sphingomyelin in breast milk at 3 months of breastfeeding and to consider the effect of this molecule on synaptic function and nerve conduction through the probable expansion of myelinated axons.
METHODS
Therefore, to begin to define and assess this, we performed sphingolipidomic analysis in human breast milk. Then, we cultured embryonic hippocampal cells (HN9.10) in the presence of sphingomyelin at a concentration from 0.6% to 31% of human milk, estimated by considering its bioavailability and its passage into the interstitial fluid. To highlight the effect of sphingomyelin in the cells, cell viability and morphology were evaluated. Analyses of neutral sphingomyelinase gene and protein expression was performed. The entry of sphingomyelin into the cell was studied in immunofluorescence; the expression of heavy neurofilament (NF200) was tested with immunocytochemical technique.
RESULTS
We demonstrated that sphingomyelin is able to enter cell nucleus and overexpress the sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 4 (
CONCLUSIONS
We speculated that the sphingomyelin present in human breast milk is useful in part to regulate nuclear activity and in part to form myelin sheet to facilitate nerve cell maturation. As brain development occurs at 0-3 years, these data open a new avenue of potential intervention to integrate the infant formulas with SM to obtain a product similar to the maternal milk.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36042186
pii: S2768-6701(22)00618-9
doi: 10.31083/j.fbl2708247
doi:
Substances chimiques
Sphingomyelins
0
Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase
EC 3.1.4.12
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
247Informations de copyright
© 2022 The Author(s). Published by IMR Press.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare no conflict of interest. SC is serving as one of the Editorial Board member of this journal. We declare that SC had no involvement in the peer review of this article and has no access to information regarding its peer review. Full responsibility for the editorial process for this article was delegated to TH.