Measles incidence in South Africa: a six-year review, 2015-2020.
Elimination
Febrile
Incidence rate
Rash
Vaccination
Vaccine
Journal
BMC public health
ISSN: 1471-2458
Titre abrégé: BMC Public Health
Pays: England
ID NLM: 100968562
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
30 08 2022
30 08 2022
Historique:
received:
14
04
2022
accepted:
22
08
2022
entrez:
30
8
2022
pubmed:
31
8
2022
medline:
3
9
2022
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
In 2012 the World Health Organization (WHO) aimed to eliminate measles in five regions by 2020. This retrospective descriptive study reviewed measles surveillance data in South Africa for the period 2015-2020 to document the epidemiology of measles and the progress made towards meeting the 2020 measles elimination goal.A total of 22,578 specimens were tested over the period 2015-2020 yielding 401 (1.8%) confirmed measles cases, 321 (1.4%) compatible and 21,856 (96.8%) discarded cases. The most affected age group was 0-4 year olds. At the provincial level, South Africa achieved adequate surveillance, defined as more than two cases of febrile rash notified annually per 100 000 popoulation, except for KwaZulu-Natal and Limpopo in 2020, probably due to COVID-19 lockdown restrictions. Of confirmed cases, only 26% were vaccinated, 3% were too young to receive vaccines, 5% were not vaccinated, and 65% had unknown vaccination status. Measles vaccine effectiveness amongst 1-4 year olds was 80%. Using the standard case definition, South Africa achieved the measles elimination target of less than one case per one million nationally in years 2015, 2016 and 2020. The years 2017 to 2019 had incidence rates exceeding one per million nationally. Using a narrow case definition, that excluded positive rubella cases, improved the indicators with only the year 2017 having an incidence rate of more than one per million.South Africa displays intermittent measles outbreaks approximately six-yearly interspersed by inter-epidemic periods in which the country meets measles elimination targets. Intense effort is needed to increase the vaccine coverage to avoid periodic outbreaks. Enhanced molecular testing of each case will be required as measles incidence declines regionally.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36042453
doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-14069-w
pii: 10.1186/s12889-022-14069-w
pmc: PMC9427172
doi:
Substances chimiques
Measles Vaccine
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1647Subventions
Organisme : World Health Organization
ID : 001
Pays : International
Informations de copyright
© 2022. The Author(s).
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