Country data on AMR in Saudi Arabia in the context of community-acquired respiratory tract infections: links between antibiotic susceptibility, local and international antibiotic prescribing guidelines, access to medicine and clinical outcome.
Journal
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
ISSN: 1460-2091
Titre abrégé: J Antimicrob Chemother
Pays: England
ID NLM: 7513617
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
06 09 2022
06 09 2022
Historique:
entrez:
6
9
2022
pubmed:
7
9
2022
medline:
9
9
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the biggest threats to global public health. Selection of resistant bacteria is driven by inappropriate use of antibiotics, amongst other factors. COVID-19 may have exacerbated AMR due to unnecessary antibiotic prescribing. Country-level knowledge is needed to understand options for action. To review AMR in Saudi Arabia and initiatives addressing it. Identifying areas where more information is required will provide a call to action to minimize a further rise in AMR within Saudi Arabia and improve patient outcomes. National AMR initiatives, antibiotic use and prescribing, and availability of susceptibility data, particularly for the key community-acquired respiratory tract infection (CA-RTI) pathogens Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, were identified. National and international antibiotic prescribing guidelines commonly used locally for specific CA-RTIs (community-acquired pneumonia, acute otitis media and acute bacterial rhinosinusitis) were also reviewed, plus local antibiotic availability. Insights from a clinician in Saudi Arabia were sought to contextualize this information. Various initiatives are underway in Saudi Arabia, including a National Action Plan for AMR, which was published in 2017. However, AMR is rising and knowledge about appropriate antibiotic use seems to be lacking among physicians and the general public. Various international guidelines are utilized by clinicians in Saudi Arabia, but a more standardized inclusive approach in developing local guidelines, using up-to-date surveillance data of isolates from community-acquired infections in Saudi Arabia could make management guideline use more locally relevant for clinicians. This would pave the way for a higher level of appropriate antibiotic prescribing and improved adherence. This would, in turn, potentially limit AMR development and improve patient outcomes.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the biggest threats to global public health. Selection of resistant bacteria is driven by inappropriate use of antibiotics, amongst other factors. COVID-19 may have exacerbated AMR due to unnecessary antibiotic prescribing. Country-level knowledge is needed to understand options for action.
OBJECTIVES
To review AMR in Saudi Arabia and initiatives addressing it. Identifying areas where more information is required will provide a call to action to minimize a further rise in AMR within Saudi Arabia and improve patient outcomes.
METHODS
National AMR initiatives, antibiotic use and prescribing, and availability of susceptibility data, particularly for the key community-acquired respiratory tract infection (CA-RTI) pathogens Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, were identified. National and international antibiotic prescribing guidelines commonly used locally for specific CA-RTIs (community-acquired pneumonia, acute otitis media and acute bacterial rhinosinusitis) were also reviewed, plus local antibiotic availability. Insights from a clinician in Saudi Arabia were sought to contextualize this information.
CONCLUSIONS
Various initiatives are underway in Saudi Arabia, including a National Action Plan for AMR, which was published in 2017. However, AMR is rising and knowledge about appropriate antibiotic use seems to be lacking among physicians and the general public. Various international guidelines are utilized by clinicians in Saudi Arabia, but a more standardized inclusive approach in developing local guidelines, using up-to-date surveillance data of isolates from community-acquired infections in Saudi Arabia could make management guideline use more locally relevant for clinicians. This would pave the way for a higher level of appropriate antibiotic prescribing and improved adherence. This would, in turn, potentially limit AMR development and improve patient outcomes.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36065727
pii: 6692266
doi: 10.1093/jac/dkac219
pmc: PMC9445845
doi:
Substances chimiques
Anti-Bacterial Agents
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
i70-i76Subventions
Organisme : GlaxoSmithKline
Informations de copyright
© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy.
Références
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2022 Sep 6;77(Supplement_1):i2-i9
pubmed: 36065724
N Engl J Med. 2015 Jul 30;373(5):415-27
pubmed: 26172429
Glob Health Med. 2019 Dec 31;1(2):61-64
pubmed: 33330756
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019 Oct 1;200(7):e45-e67
pubmed: 31573350
Pharmacy (Basel). 2021 May 01;9(2):
pubmed: 34062707
Clin Infect Dis. 2011 Oct;53(7):e25-76
pubmed: 21880587
Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2020 Mar 04;13:175-182
pubmed: 32184688
Saudi Pharm J. 2020 Jan;28(1):58-67
pubmed: 31920432
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2020 Apr 1;75(Suppl 1):i60-i75
pubmed: 32337592
Clin Microbiol Infect. 2004 Apr;10 Suppl 2:18-27
pubmed: 14759230
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2016 May;71 Suppl 1:i85-91
pubmed: 27048585
Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Mar 1;44 Suppl 2:S27-72
pubmed: 17278083
Saudi Med J. 2019 Mar;40(3):252-259
pubmed: 30834420
Euro Surveill. 2015 May 28;20(21):
pubmed: 26062562
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2007 Jul;20(3):391-408, table of contents
pubmed: 17630331
Thorax. 2012 Jan;67(1):71-9
pubmed: 20729232
BMC Public Health. 2018 Oct 16;18(1):1177
pubmed: 30326870
Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Apr;54(8):e72-e112
pubmed: 22438350
Infect Drug Resist. 2019 Jun 28;12:1815-1825
pubmed: 31303774
Antibiotics (Basel). 2021 Jul 19;10(7):
pubmed: 34356799
Clin Microbiol Infect. 2019 Jul;25(7):910-911
pubmed: 30910717
Pediatrics. 2013 Mar;131(3):e964-99
pubmed: 23439909
J Infect Public Health. 2020 May;13(5):737-745
pubmed: 32008927
Bull World Health Organ. 2018 Feb 1;96(2):135-137
pubmed: 29403117