Are methods of estimating fat-free mass loss with energy-restricted diets accurate?
Journal
European journal of clinical nutrition
ISSN: 1476-5640
Titre abrégé: Eur J Clin Nutr
Pays: England
ID NLM: 8804070
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
05 2023
05 2023
Historique:
received:
25
04
2022
accepted:
18
08
2022
revised:
17
08
2022
medline:
11
5
2023
pubmed:
9
9
2022
entrez:
8
9
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Fat-free mass (FFM) often serves as a body composition outcome variable in weight loss studies. An important assumption is that the proportions of components that make up FFM remain stable following weight loss; some body composition models rely on these "constants". This exploratory study examined key FFM component proportions before and following weight loss in two studies of participants with overweight and obesity. 201 men and women consumed calorie-restricted moderate- or very-low carbohydrate diets leading to 10-18% weight loss in 9-15 weeks. Measured total body fat, lean mass, bone mineral, total body water (TBW), and body weight at baseline and follow-up were used to derive FFM and its chemical proportions using a four-component model. A consistent finding in both studies was a non-significant reduction in bone mineral and a corresponding increase (p < 0.001) in bone mineral/FFM; FFM density increased significantly in one group of women and in all four participant groups combined (both, p < 0.05). FFM hydration (TBW/FFM) increased in all groups of men and women, one significantly (p < 0.01), and in the combined sample (borderline, p < 0.10). The proportion of FFM as protein decreased across all groups, two significantly (p < 0.05-0.01) and in the combined sample (p < 0.05). FFM relative proportions of chemical components may not be identical before and after short-term weight loss, an observation impacting some widely used body composition models and methods. Caution is thus needed when applying FFM as a safety signal or to index metabolic evaluations in clinical trials when these body composition approaches are used.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES
Fat-free mass (FFM) often serves as a body composition outcome variable in weight loss studies. An important assumption is that the proportions of components that make up FFM remain stable following weight loss; some body composition models rely on these "constants". This exploratory study examined key FFM component proportions before and following weight loss in two studies of participants with overweight and obesity.
SUBJECTS/METHODS
201 men and women consumed calorie-restricted moderate- or very-low carbohydrate diets leading to 10-18% weight loss in 9-15 weeks. Measured total body fat, lean mass, bone mineral, total body water (TBW), and body weight at baseline and follow-up were used to derive FFM and its chemical proportions using a four-component model.
RESULTS
A consistent finding in both studies was a non-significant reduction in bone mineral and a corresponding increase (p < 0.001) in bone mineral/FFM; FFM density increased significantly in one group of women and in all four participant groups combined (both, p < 0.05). FFM hydration (TBW/FFM) increased in all groups of men and women, one significantly (p < 0.01), and in the combined sample (borderline, p < 0.10). The proportion of FFM as protein decreased across all groups, two significantly (p < 0.05-0.01) and in the combined sample (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
FFM relative proportions of chemical components may not be identical before and after short-term weight loss, an observation impacting some widely used body composition models and methods. Caution is thus needed when applying FFM as a safety signal or to index metabolic evaluations in clinical trials when these body composition approaches are used.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36076068
doi: 10.1038/s41430-022-01203-5
pii: 10.1038/s41430-022-01203-5
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
525-531Informations de copyright
© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
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