Vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D receptor FokI polymorphism as risk factors for COVID-19.


Journal

Pediatric research
ISSN: 1530-0447
Titre abrégé: Pediatr Res
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0100714

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
04 2023
Historique:
received: 11 06 2022
accepted: 05 08 2022
revised: 22 07 2022
medline: 28 4 2023
pubmed: 11 9 2022
entrez: 10 9 2022
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

Given the sparse data on vitamin D status in pediatric COVID-19, we investigated whether vitamin D deficiency could be a risk factor for susceptibility to COVID-19 in Egyptian children and adolescents. We also investigated whether vitamin D receptor (VDR) FokI polymorphism could be a genetic marker for COVID-19 susceptibility. One hundred and eighty patients diagnosed to have COVID-19 and 200 matched control children and adolescents were recruited. Patients were laboratory confirmed as SARS-CoV-2 positive by real-time RT-PCR. All participants were genotyped for VDR Fok1 polymorphism by RT-PCR. Vitamin D status was defined as sufficient for serum 25(OH) D at least 30 ng/mL, insufficient at 21-29 ng/mL, deficient at <20 ng/mL. Ninety-four patients (52%) had low vitamin D levels with 74 (41%) being deficient and 20 (11%) had vitamin D insufficiency. Vitamin D deficiency was associated with 2.6-fold increased risk for COVID-19 (OR = 2.6; [95% CI 1.96-4.9]; P = 0.002. The FokI FF genotype was significantly more represented in patients compared to control group (OR = 4.05; [95% CI: 1.95-8.55]; P < 0.001). Vitamin D deficiency and VDR Fok I polymorphism may constitute independent risk factors for susceptibility to COVID-19 in Egyptian children and adolescents. Vitamin D deficiency could be a modifiable risk factor for COVID-19 in children and adolescents because of its immune-modulatory action. To our knowledge, ours is the first such study to investigate the VDR Fok I polymorphism in Caucasian children and adolescents with COVID-19. Vitamin D deficiency and the VDR Fok I polymorphism may constitute independent risk factors for susceptibility to COVID-19 in Egyptian children and adolescents. Clinical trials should be urgently conducted to test for causality and to evaluate the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation for prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19 taking into account the VDR polymorphisms.

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND
Given the sparse data on vitamin D status in pediatric COVID-19, we investigated whether vitamin D deficiency could be a risk factor for susceptibility to COVID-19 in Egyptian children and adolescents. We also investigated whether vitamin D receptor (VDR) FokI polymorphism could be a genetic marker for COVID-19 susceptibility.
METHODS
One hundred and eighty patients diagnosed to have COVID-19 and 200 matched control children and adolescents were recruited. Patients were laboratory confirmed as SARS-CoV-2 positive by real-time RT-PCR. All participants were genotyped for VDR Fok1 polymorphism by RT-PCR. Vitamin D status was defined as sufficient for serum 25(OH) D at least 30 ng/mL, insufficient at 21-29 ng/mL, deficient at <20 ng/mL.
RESULTS
Ninety-four patients (52%) had low vitamin D levels with 74 (41%) being deficient and 20 (11%) had vitamin D insufficiency. Vitamin D deficiency was associated with 2.6-fold increased risk for COVID-19 (OR = 2.6; [95% CI 1.96-4.9]; P = 0.002. The FokI FF genotype was significantly more represented in patients compared to control group (OR = 4.05; [95% CI: 1.95-8.55]; P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Vitamin D deficiency and VDR Fok I polymorphism may constitute independent risk factors for susceptibility to COVID-19 in Egyptian children and adolescents.
IMPACT
Vitamin D deficiency could be a modifiable risk factor for COVID-19 in children and adolescents because of its immune-modulatory action. To our knowledge, ours is the first such study to investigate the VDR Fok I polymorphism in Caucasian children and adolescents with COVID-19. Vitamin D deficiency and the VDR Fok I polymorphism may constitute independent risk factors for susceptibility to COVID-19 in Egyptian children and adolescents. Clinical trials should be urgently conducted to test for causality and to evaluate the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation for prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19 taking into account the VDR polymorphisms.

Identifiants

pubmed: 36085364
doi: 10.1038/s41390-022-02275-6
pii: 10.1038/s41390-022-02275-6
pmc: PMC9461391
doi:

Substances chimiques

Receptors, Calcitriol 0
Vitamin D 1406-16-2
VDR protein, human 0

Types de publication

Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

1383-1390

Commentaires et corrections

Type : CommentIn

Informations de copyright

© 2022. The Author(s).

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Auteurs

Nancy M S Zeidan (NMS)

Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.

Hanan M Abd El Lateef (HMAE)

Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

Dalia M Selim (DM)

Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

Suzan A Razek (SA)

Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

Ghada A B Abd-Elrehim (GAB)

Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt.

Mohamed Nashat (M)

Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt.

Noha ElGyar (N)

Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt.

Nevin M Waked (NM)

Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, October 6 University, 6th of October City, Egypt.

Attia A Soliman (AA)

Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.

Ahmed A Elhewala (AA)

Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.

Mohamed M M Shehab (MMM)

Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.

Ahmed A A Ibraheem (AAA)

Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.

Hassan Shehata (H)

Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.

Yousif M Yousif (YM)

Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.

Nagwa E Akeel (NE)

Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.

Mustafa I A Hashem (MIA)

Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.

Amani A Ahmed (AA)

Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.

Ahmed A Emam (AA)

Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt. ahmedemam1111@yahoo.com.

Mohamed M Abdelmohsen (MM)

Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine for Boys, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

Mohamed F Ahmed (MF)

Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine for Boys, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

Ahmed S E Saleh (ASE)

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.

Heba H Eltrawy (HH)

Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

Gehan H Shahin (GH)

Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.

Rehab M Nabil (RM)

Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.

Thoraya A Hosny (TA)

Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.

Mohamed R Abdelhamed (MR)

Department of Clinical Pathology, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt.

Mona R Afify (MR)

Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Mohanned T Alharbi (MT)

Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Mohammed K Nagshabandi (MK)

Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Muyassar K Tarabulsi (MK)

Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Sherif F Osman (SF)

Department of Radiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA.

Amal S M Abd-Elrazek (ASM)

Department of Radio-Diagnosis, Menoufia University, Shibin Al Kawm, Egypt.

Manal M Rashad (MM)

Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.

Sonya A A El-Gaaly (SAA)

Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

Said A B Gad (SAB)

Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.

Mohamed Y Mohamed (MY)

Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

Khalil Abdelkhalek (K)

Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.

Aly A Yousef (AA)

Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt.

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Classifications MeSH