Welfare of pigs during transport.
Farm to Fork Strategy
animal welfare assessment
animal‐based measures
hazards
pig
quantitative thresholds
sow
welfare consequences
Journal
EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority
ISSN: 1831-4732
Titre abrégé: EFSA J
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101642076
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Sep 2022
Sep 2022
Historique:
entrez:
12
9
2022
pubmed:
13
9
2022
medline:
13
9
2022
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
In the framework of its Farm to Fork Strategy, the Commission is undertaking a comprehensive evaluation of the animal welfare legislation. The present Opinion deals with protection of pigs during transport. The welfare of pigs during transport by road is the main focus, but other means of transport are also covered. Current practices related to transport of pigs during the different stages (preparation, loading/unloading, transit and journey breaks) are described. Overall, 10 welfare consequences were identified as highly relevant for the welfare of pigs during transport based on the severity, duration and frequency of occurrence: group stress, handling stress, heat stress, injuries, motion stress, prolonged hunger, prolonged thirst, restriction of movement, resting problems and sensory overstimulation. These welfare consequences and their animal-based measures are described. A variety of hazards were identified, mainly relating to factors such as mixing of unfamiliar pigs, inappropriate handling methods and devices, the use of pick-up pens, inexperienced/untrained handlers, structural deficiencies of vehicles and facilities, poor driving conditions, unfavourable microclimatic and environmental conditions and poor husbandry practices leading to these welfare consequences. The Opinion contains general and specific conclusions relating to the different stages of transport of pigs. Recommendations to prevent hazards and to correct or mitigate welfare consequences are made. Recommendations were also developed to define quantitative thresholds for microclimatic conditions and minimum space allowance within means of transport. The development of the welfare consequences over time was assessed in relation to maximum journey duration. The Opinion covers specific animal transport scenarios identified by the European Commission relating to transport of cull sows and 'special health status animals', and lists welfare concerns associated with these.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36092763
doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7445
pii: EFS27445
pmc: PMC9449989
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Pagination
e07445Informations de copyright
© 2022 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KgaA on behalf of the European Food Safety Authority.
Références
News Physiol Sci. 2004 Feb;19:1-6
pubmed: 14739394
Reprod Nutr Dev. 2002 Jan-Feb;42(1):45-53
pubmed: 12199375
EFSA J. 2022 Jul 12;20(7):e07403
pubmed: 35846109
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2013 Aug;23(4):501-7
pubmed: 22107069
Animal. 2011 Apr;5(5):757-66
pubmed: 22439998
J Dairy Sci. 2021 Nov;104(11):11368-11385
pubmed: 34389150
J Anim Sci. 2016 Jan;94(1):359-76
pubmed: 26812341
Anim Front. 2018 Oct 29;9(1):12-19
pubmed: 32002234
J Anim Sci. 2019 Apr 29;97(5):2025-2034
pubmed: 30873547
Animal. 2015 Apr;9(4):707-14
pubmed: 25399703
Vet Rec. 2008 Sep 27;163(13):386-90
pubmed: 18820326
Temperature (Austin). 2014 Jul 08;1(2):142-9
pubmed: 27583296
Annu Rev Anim Biosci. 2015;3:513-32
pubmed: 25387108
Animals (Basel). 2018 Sep 17;8(9):
pubmed: 30227665
Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci. 1959 Aug;37:399-420
pubmed: 13839928
J Therm Biol. 2018 May;74:325-330
pubmed: 29801645
Res Vet Sci. 2015 Aug;101:126-31
pubmed: 26267102
J Anim Sci. 2012 Sep;90(9):3220-31
pubmed: 22966081
Prev Vet Med. 2021 Apr 10;191:105343
pubmed: 33887619
Q J Exp Physiol. 1985 Apr;70(2):211-7
pubmed: 4011837
Meat Sci. 2019 Sep;155:61-68
pubmed: 31077907
Mol Reprod Dev. 2017 Sep;84(9):946-956
pubmed: 28696547
J Anim Sci. 2005 Jul;83(7):1536-42
pubmed: 15956461
J Anim Sci. 2005 Mar;83(3):715-21
pubmed: 15705769
Meat Sci. 1985;13(1):49-63
pubmed: 22055445
Prev Vet Med. 2019 Jan 1;162:107-109
pubmed: 30621887
Meat Sci. 1992;32(3):311-29
pubmed: 22059818
J Anim Sci. 2014 Nov;92(11):5134-41
pubmed: 25349357
BMC Vet Res. 2019 Feb 22;15(1):64
pubmed: 30795759
J Appl Anim Welf Sci. 2010;13(3):237-49
pubmed: 20563904
Anim Reprod Sci. 2015 Aug;159:191-7
pubmed: 26139322
J Anim Sci. 2016 Feb;94(2):581-91
pubmed: 27065128
Animals (Basel). 2020 Nov 25;10(12):
pubmed: 33255610
Vet J. 2015 Dec;206(3):289-97
pubmed: 26598787
Front Vet Sci. 2019 Jan 10;5:330
pubmed: 30687722
Theriogenology. 2008 Nov;70(8):1202-8
pubmed: 18656252
Pain Manag Nurs. 2019 Dec;20(6):556-562
pubmed: 31307870
J Anim Sci. 2011 Nov;89(11):3809-18
pubmed: 21571890
J Endocrinol. 1987 Feb;112(2):305-10
pubmed: 3819641
Meat Sci. 2009 Nov;83(3):474-8
pubmed: 20416675
J Appl Anim Welf Sci. 2021 May 16;:1-14
pubmed: 33998360
J Anim Sci. 2008 Nov;86(11):3137-45
pubmed: 18567725
Transl Anim Sci. 2020 Feb 06;4(2):txaa015
pubmed: 32705015
Animal. 2018 Dec;12(s2):s431-s444
pubmed: 30139399
Can J Vet Res. 2010 Jul;74(3):178-84
pubmed: 20885841
J Agric Food Chem. 2020 Jul 8;68(27):7259-7268
pubmed: 32543862
J Anim Sci. 2005 Jun;83(6):1385-96
pubmed: 15890816
J Anim Sci. 2013 Jun;91(6):2872-8
pubmed: 23478814
Can Vet J. 2019 Apr;60(4):423-429
pubmed: 30992599
J Therm Biol. 2022 Feb;104:103142
pubmed: 35180953
Physiol Behav. 2007 Oct 22;92(3):293-316
pubmed: 17320122
J Anim Sci. 2011 Jul;89(7):2220-30
pubmed: 21297065
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2002 Feb 15;220(4):503-6
pubmed: 11862983
Soc Reprod Fertil Suppl. 2006;62:191-203
pubmed: 16866318
Vet Rec. 1991 May 4;128(18):419-21
pubmed: 1853534
ILAR J. 2020 Oct 19;60(2):159-174
pubmed: 32602530
J Anim Sci. 2011 May;89(5):1561-73
pubmed: 21521818
Am J Vet Res. 1999 Sep;60(9):1155-8
pubmed: 10490088
Sensors (Basel). 2020 Sep 10;20(18):
pubmed: 32927863
Physiol Behav. 2004 Oct 15;82(5):815-25
pubmed: 15451645
J Therm Biol. 2020 Dec;94:102758
pubmed: 33292999
Front Vet Sci. 2022 Jan 24;9:790570
pubmed: 35141312
Animals (Basel). 2015 Apr 10;5(2):226-44
pubmed: 26479232
Meat Sci. 2013 Nov;95(3):616-20
pubmed: 23806854
Meat Sci. 2012 Nov;92(3):227-43
pubmed: 22608833
Int J Biometeorol. 2011 May;55(3):455-9
pubmed: 20607305
J Anim Sci. 2013 Oct;91(10):4925-35
pubmed: 23989882
J Anim Sci. 1999 Aug;77(8):2124-34
pubmed: 10461991
Meat Sci. 2006 Dec;74(4):697-703
pubmed: 22063226
Animal. 2008 Oct;2(10):1501-17
pubmed: 22443909
Vet J. 2013 Dec;198(3):666-71
pubmed: 24269106
Vet Rec. 1999 Oct 9;145(15):421-6
pubmed: 10755587
Front Vet Sci. 2021 Dec 13;8:770480
pubmed: 34966808
Int J Biometeorol. 2019 Sep;63(9):1265-1281
pubmed: 31129758
Rev Reprod. 2000 Sep;5(3):153-63
pubmed: 11006165
Anim Front. 2018 Oct 30;9(1):54-61
pubmed: 32002240
Sci Rep. 2018 Jan 15;8(1):792
pubmed: 29335617
Theriogenology. 2020 Sep 15;154:73-83
pubmed: 32531658
EFSA J. 2017 May 30;15(5):e04782
pubmed: 32625488
Can Vet J. 2010 Mar;51(3):315-22
pubmed: 20514259
Meat Sci. 1998 Jun;49(2):137-44
pubmed: 22063303
EFSA J. 2020 Jun 17;18(6):e06148
pubmed: 32874326
Animals (Basel). 2017 Feb 08;7(2):
pubmed: 28208689
Vet Rec. 2009 Jul 4;165(1):13-8
pubmed: 19578189
EFSA J. 2022 Aug 25;20(8):e07421
pubmed: 36034323
Animals (Basel). 2014 May 21;4(2):241-53
pubmed: 26480039
J Anim Sci. 2013 Jun;91(6):2700-14
pubmed: 23508026
Foods. 2021 Jan 04;10(1):
pubmed: 33406632
Res Vet Sci. 2015 Feb;98:19-24
pubmed: 25468797
Vet Rec. 2010 Nov 20;167(21):815-9
pubmed: 21262630
Vet J. 2005 Jul;170(1):91-100
pubmed: 15993792
J Neuroendocrinol. 2003 Jun;15(6):572-85
pubmed: 12716408
Nature. 1965 Jul 24;207(995):415-6
pubmed: 5885859
Pain. 2020 Sep 1;161(9):1976-1982
pubmed: 32694387
J Anim Sci. 2013 Jun;91(6):2863-71
pubmed: 23478816
Meat Sci. 1998 Dec 1;50(4):447-56
pubmed: 22061347
J Anim Sci. 2021 Aug 1;99(8):
pubmed: 34197578
EFSA J. 2018 Jan 24;16(1):e05122
pubmed: 32625670
J Anim Sci. 2021 Feb 1;99(2):
pubmed: 33508102
Meat Sci. 2015 May;103:13-23
pubmed: 25588903
Res Vet Sci. 2015 Jun;100:303-8
pubmed: 25847285
Physiol Behav. 2011 May 3;103(2):217-24
pubmed: 21315099
Animal. 2011 Mar;5(3):415-27
pubmed: 22445408
Animals (Basel). 2016 Dec 22;7(1):
pubmed: 28025479
Transl Anim Sci. 2020 Apr 02;4(2):txaa041
pubmed: 32705038
J Anim Sci. 2010 Jun;88(6):2199-203
pubmed: 20190165
Br Vet J. 1987 Jul-Aug;143(4):354-60
pubmed: 3620894
Int J Biometeorol. 2021 Feb;65(2):149-161
pubmed: 32968875
Theriogenology. 2005 Jan 15;63(2):668-78
pubmed: 15626424
J Anim Sci. 1977 Apr;44(4):620-37
pubmed: 853021
Transl Anim Sci. 2018 May 03;2(3):280-289
pubmed: 32704712
Animal. 2013 Nov;7(11):1849-57
pubmed: 24001436
J Sci Food Agric. 1983 Apr;34(4):351-6
pubmed: 6876768
Meat Sci. 2010 Dec;86(4):945-8
pubmed: 20732749
J Anim Sci. 2013 Aug;91(8):3889-98
pubmed: 23658341
Meat Sci. 2014 Sep;98(1):9-20
pubmed: 24824530
Animal. 2010 May;4(5):804-9
pubmed: 22444137
Vet Ital. 2008 Jan-Mar;44(1):201-13
pubmed: 20405426
J Anim Sci. 2010 Nov;88(11):3715-24
pubmed: 20622186
Animal. 2016 Jun;10(6):961-9
pubmed: 26689668
Res Vet Sci. 2018 Aug;119:162-166
pubmed: 29940460
Annu Rev Anim Biosci. 2013 Jan;1:311-37
pubmed: 25387022
Meat Sci. 2016 Sep;119:89-94
pubmed: 27153357
Front Vet Sci. 2018 Sep 21;5:223
pubmed: 30298134
Animal. 2012 May;6(5):707-28
pubmed: 22558920
Meat Sci. 2022 Jan;183:108645
pubmed: 34399151
Can Vet J. 1996 Apr;37(4):237-9
pubmed: 8801022
Animals (Basel). 2016 Nov 28;6(12):
pubmed: 27916798
J Anim Sci. 2013 Mar;91(3):1225-36
pubmed: 23296812
J Anim Sci. 2021 Jun 1;99(6):
pubmed: 33860321
Vet Rec. 1994 May 14;134(20):513-5
pubmed: 8085307
J Anim Sci. 2021 Jul 1;99(7):
pubmed: 34086897
Q Rev Biol. 1995 Jun;70(2):165-91
pubmed: 7610234
J Appl Physiol (1985). 1995 Dec;79(6):1939-45
pubmed: 8847257
Res Vet Sci. 2022 Mar;143:88-98
pubmed: 34999440
J Neurophysiol. 2003 Sep;90(3):1865-76
pubmed: 12773496
Front Vet Sci. 2017 May 11;4:67
pubmed: 28553641
Vet Rec. 1999 Feb 20;144(8):197-201
pubmed: 10097341
Transbound Emerg Dis. 2018 Apr;65(2):381-398
pubmed: 29124908
J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2017 Jun;101(3):541-551
pubmed: 27079447
Animals (Basel). 2021 Aug 16;11(8):
pubmed: 34438868
Vet Rec. 2020 Feb 15;186(6):185
pubmed: 31941806
Animals (Basel). 2020 Mar 29;10(4):
pubmed: 32235399
J Anim Sci. 2018 Mar 6;96(2):728-738
pubmed: 29401265
J Dairy Sci. 2013 Aug;96(8):5064-71
pubmed: 23769368
Am J Vet Res. 1986 Feb;47(2):359-62
pubmed: 3954220
Animals (Basel). 2017 Jan 18;7(1):
pubmed: 28106802
J Dairy Sci. 2007 Apr;90(4):1947-56
pubmed: 17369235
Front Vet Sci. 2019 Feb 18;6:28
pubmed: 30834251
Emerg Infect Dis. 2014 May;20(5):872-4
pubmed: 24750785
Prev Vet Med. 2014 Nov 1;117(1):200-6
pubmed: 25172120
Meat Sci. 2020 Sep;167:107993
pubmed: 32388087
J Anim Sci. 2004 Sep;82(9):2534-40
pubmed: 15446468
J Anim Sci. 2010 Dec;88(12):4086-93
pubmed: 20802143
Sci Rep. 2020 Nov 26;10(1):20677
pubmed: 33244103
Animal. 2022 Jun;16 Suppl 2:100372
pubmed: 34690100
Meat Sci. 1998 Mar;48(3-4):237-47
pubmed: 22063072