Welfare of small ruminants during transport.
Farm to Fork Strategy
animal welfare assessment
animal‐based measures
goats
hazards
quantitative thresholds
sheep
small ruminants
transport
welfare consequences
Journal
EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority
ISSN: 1831-4732
Titre abrégé: EFSA J
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101642076
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Sep 2022
Sep 2022
Historique:
entrez:
12
9
2022
pubmed:
13
9
2022
medline:
13
9
2022
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
In the framework of its Farm to Fork Strategy, the Commission is undertaking a comprehensive evaluation of animal welfare legislation. The present Opinion deals with the protection of small ruminants (sheep and goats) during transport. The main focus is on welfare of sheep during transport by road but other means of transport and concerns for welfare of goats during transport are also covered. Current practices related to transport of sheep during the different stages (preparation, loading and unloading, transit and journey breaks) are described. Overall, 11 welfare consequences were identified as being highly relevant for the welfare of sheep during transport based on severity, duration and frequency of occurrence: group stress, handling stress, heat stress, injuries, motion stress, predation stress, prolonged hunger, prolonged thirst, restriction of movement, resting problems and sensory overstimulation. These welfare consequences and their animal-based measures are described. A wide variety of hazards, mainly relating to inappropriate or aggressive handling of animals, structural deficiencies of vehicles and facilities, unfavourable microclimatic and environmental conditions and poor husbandry practices, leading to these welfare consequences were identified. The Opinion contains general and specific conclusions in relation to the different stages of transport. Recommendations to prevent hazards and to correct or mitigate welfare consequences have been developed. Recommendations were also developed to define quantitative thresholds for microclimatic conditions within the means of transport and spatial thresholds (minimum space allowance). The development of welfare consequences over time were assessed in relation to maximum journey time. The Opinion covers specific animal transport scenarios identified by the European Commission relating to the export of sheep by livestock vessels, export of sheep by road, roll-on-roll-off vessels and 'special health status animals', and lists welfare concerns associated with these.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36092764
doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7404
pii: EFS27404
pmc: PMC9449987
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Pagination
e07404Informations de copyright
© 2022 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KgaA on behalf of the European Food Safety Authority.
Références
BMC Vet Res. 2008 Oct 14;4:41
pubmed: 18854014
Animal. 2021 Mar;15(3):100143
pubmed: 33518488
Can Vet J. 2019 Apr;60(4):423-429
pubmed: 30992599
EFSA J. 2021 Nov 08;19(11):e06882
pubmed: 34765030
Res Vet Sci. 2017 Aug;113:62-66
pubmed: 28892662
EFSA J. 2022 Jul 12;20(7):e07403
pubmed: 35846109
Animals (Basel). 2021 Feb 23;11(2):
pubmed: 33672154
Vet J. 2016 Dec;218:78-85
pubmed: 27938714
Animals (Basel). 2015 Dec 01;5(4):1233-51
pubmed: 26633523
Animals (Basel). 2018 Nov 15;8(11):
pubmed: 30445737
Int J Biometeorol. 2019 Jul;63(7):973-978
pubmed: 30911881
J Dairy Sci. 2021 Nov;104(11):11368-11385
pubmed: 34389150
Vet Rec. 1992 May 9;130(19):413-6
pubmed: 1609474
Meat Sci. 2006 Aug;73(4):626-34
pubmed: 22062562
Temperature (Austin). 2014 Jul 08;1(2):142-9
pubmed: 27583296
Appl Anim Behav Sci. 2000 Aug 1;69(1):35-53
pubmed: 10856783
Animal. 2012 Sep;6(9):1491-502
pubmed: 23031523
Vet Rec. 1994 Jan 29;134(5):107-10
pubmed: 8171768
Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci. 1959 Aug;37:399-420
pubmed: 13839928
Vet Rec. 1998 Apr 25;142(17):449-54
pubmed: 9602513
Pain. 1989 Dec;39(3):353-357
pubmed: 2616185
Animal. 2020 Sep;14(9):1916-1922
pubmed: 32264991
Front Vet Sci. 2017 Nov 10;4:191
pubmed: 29177156
Br Vet J. 1996 Sep;152(5):593-604
pubmed: 8885469
Meat Sci. 2012 Sep;92(1):53-61
pubmed: 22560480
Aust Vet J. 1986 Jul;63(7):216-21
pubmed: 3778370
J Anim Sci. 2015 Mar;93(3):1250-7
pubmed: 26020901
Br J Nutr. 1962;16:615-26
pubmed: 13971576
J Appl Anim Welf Sci. 2015;18(3):269-86
pubmed: 25695526
Contemp Top Lab Anim Sci. 1998 May;37(3):51-55
pubmed: 12456161
Int J Biometeorol. 2018 Dec;62(12):2089-2097
pubmed: 30368680
Front Zool. 2014 Mar 26;11(1):20
pubmed: 24666734
J Anim Sci. 2010 Jun;88(6):2144-52
pubmed: 20154169
Anim Reprod Sci. 2007 Dec;102(3-4):258-66
pubmed: 17126504
Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2021 Jul;51(4):975-984
pubmed: 34059268
J Therm Biol. 2020 May;90:102606
pubmed: 32479400
Meat Sci. 2009 Dec;83(4):604-9
pubmed: 20416651
Animal. 2015 Aug;9(8):1379-85
pubmed: 25874817
Vet J. 2015 Dec;206(3):289-97
pubmed: 26598787
Pain Manag Nurs. 2019 Dec;20(6):556-562
pubmed: 31307870
Sci Rep. 2019 Nov 6;9(1):16159
pubmed: 31695053
J Endocrinol. 1987 Feb;112(2):305-10
pubmed: 3819641
J Therm Biol. 2018 Aug;76:165-170
pubmed: 30143291
Transl Anim Sci. 2020 Feb 06;4(2):txaa015
pubmed: 32705015
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 1984 Fall;8(3):269-300
pubmed: 6504414
J Anim Sci. 2012 Oct;90(10):3630-9
pubmed: 22665642
J Anim Sci. 2003 Jun;81(6):1499-507
pubmed: 12817498
ILAR J. 2020 Oct 19;60(2):159-174
pubmed: 32602530
Vet J. 2013 Jun;196(3):309-14
pubmed: 23473873
Science. 1987 Apr 24;236(4800):448-50
pubmed: 3563521
Int J Biometeorol. 2011 May;55(3):455-9
pubmed: 20607305
Vet Ital. 2017 Jun 30;53(2):121-129
pubmed: 28675250
Int J Biometeorol. 2002 Aug;46(3):136-40
pubmed: 12194006
Animals (Basel). 2020 May 17;10(5):
pubmed: 32429527
Animals (Basel). 2021 Dec 05;11(12):
pubmed: 34944241
Res Vet Sci. 1994 Mar;56(2):234-9
pubmed: 8191014
Int J Biometeorol. 2019 Sep;63(9):1265-1281
pubmed: 31129758
Rev Reprod. 2000 Sep;5(3):153-63
pubmed: 11006165
J Anim Sci Technol. 2017 Jul 7;59:13
pubmed: 28694984
EFSA J. 2017 May 30;15(5):e04782
pubmed: 32625488
Int J Biometeorol. 2016 Feb;60(2):289-96
pubmed: 26088025
Vet Rec. 1996 Oct 5;139(14):335-9
pubmed: 8903011
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Apr 13;96(8):4569-74
pubmed: 10200303
Vet Rec. 1995 Apr 29;136(17):431-8
pubmed: 7631478
Vet J. 1998 May;155(3):305-10
pubmed: 9638077
R Soc Open Sci. 2018 Aug 29;5(8):180491
pubmed: 30225038
J Neuroendocrinol. 2003 Jun;15(6):572-85
pubmed: 12716408
J Dairy Sci. 1981 Jun;64(6):1140-52
pubmed: 7024343
Pain. 2020 Sep 1;161(9):1976-1982
pubmed: 32694387
J Anim Sci. 2000 Jun;78(6):1450-7
pubmed: 10875626
Vet Rec. 2002 Jan 12;150(2):49-50
pubmed: 11829070
Br Vet J. 1989 May-Jun;145(3):242-8
pubmed: 2736381
Aust Vet J. 1977 Jul;53(7):330-3
pubmed: 921640
EFSA J. 2018 Jan 24;16(1):e05122
pubmed: 32625670
N Z Vet J. 2002 Aug;50(4):148-53
pubmed: 16032261
Res Vet Sci. 1967 Jul;8(3):283-93
pubmed: 4942195
J Anim Sci. 2021 Feb 1;99(2):
pubmed: 33508102
Animals (Basel). 2020 Apr 16;10(4):
pubmed: 32316242
Physiol Behav. 2011 May 3;103(2):217-24
pubmed: 21315099
Aust Vet J. 1989 Feb;66(2):33-8
pubmed: 2712765
J Therm Biol. 2019 Aug;84:250-258
pubmed: 31466761
Animal. 2011 Mar;5(3):415-27
pubmed: 22445408
J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1983 Sep;55(3):834-41
pubmed: 6629921
J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2021 Jan;105(1):1-13
pubmed: 32744367
Int J Biometeorol. 2021 Feb;65(2):149-161
pubmed: 32968875
Physiol Behav. 2021 Mar 1;230:113282
pubmed: 33306978
Behav Brain Res. 2009 Dec 14;205(1):272-9
pubmed: 19695291
Physiol Behav. 1999 Dec 1-15;68(1-2):109-13
pubmed: 10627069
J Anim Sci. 2012 May;90(5):1562-9
pubmed: 22147480
ISRN Vet Sci. 2011 Apr 26;2011:749753
pubmed: 23738106
Transl Anim Sci. 2017 Feb 01;1(1):16-25
pubmed: 32704626
J Anim Sci. 2002 Jul;80(7):1771-80
pubmed: 12162644
Res Vet Sci. 2018 Aug;119:162-166
pubmed: 29940460
Front Vet Sci. 2022 Mar 18;9:797149
pubmed: 35372551
Vet Rec. 1998 Aug 22;143(8):212-9
pubmed: 9770763
Experientia. 1991 Jul 15;47(7):744-9
pubmed: 2065772
Am J Physiol. 1969 Apr;216(4):953-60
pubmed: 5775892
Meat Sci. 2014 Sep;98(1):9-20
pubmed: 24824530
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2018 Feb;50(2):327-336
pubmed: 28963625
Int J Biometeorol. 2019 Jul;63(7):949-962
pubmed: 30888508
Vet Ital. 2008 Jan-Mar;44(1):201-13
pubmed: 20405426
J Anim Sci. 2013 Sep;91(9):4406-16
pubmed: 23825334
Acta Vet Scand. 2011 Apr 14;53:27
pubmed: 21492433
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2011 Oct;43(7):1327-35
pubmed: 21505961
EFSA J. 2020 Nov 03;18(11):e06275
pubmed: 33163113
J Proteome Res. 2011 Mar 4;10(3):1073-87
pubmed: 21142080
Animal. 2012 May;6(5):707-28
pubmed: 22558920
Periodontol 2000. 2016 Feb;70(1):11-25
pubmed: 26662479
Vet J. 2014 Feb;199(2):223-8
pubmed: 24157340
J Anim Sci. 2011 Nov;89(11):3742-51
pubmed: 21680786
J Anim Sci. 1991 Dec;69(12):5008-16
pubmed: 1808194
Meat Sci. 1998 Jan;48(1-2):91-100
pubmed: 22062882
Animals (Basel). 2015 Aug 28;5(3):838-60
pubmed: 26479389
Q Rev Biol. 1995 Jun;70(2):165-91
pubmed: 7610234
J Anim Sci. 2001 Jun;79(6):1457-65
pubmed: 11424682
J Physiol. 1967 May;190(2):241-60
pubmed: 6048993
Aust Vet J. 2020 May;98(5):197-199
pubmed: 32153011
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2011 Jun;43(5):915-22
pubmed: 21240654
J Neurophysiol. 2003 Sep;90(3):1865-76
pubmed: 12773496
Meat Sci. 2016 Jun;116:67-77
pubmed: 26874084
Prev Vet Med. 2009 Nov 1;92(1-2):52-9
pubmed: 19735953
Vet Rec. 1974 Sep 21;95(12):257-60
pubmed: 4446269
J Anim Sci. 2012 Dec;90(13):5040-6
pubmed: 22851237
J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2017 Jun;101(3):541-551
pubmed: 27079447
Vet Rec. 2020 Feb 15;186(6):185
pubmed: 31941806
Folia Biol (Krakow). 2008;56(3-4):133-7
pubmed: 19055037
Vet Rec. 1998 May 9;142(19):503-9
pubmed: 9618873
J Vet Sci. 2006 Jun;7(2):127-31
pubmed: 16645336
Vet Rec. 2001 Feb 24;148(8):227-9
pubmed: 11289548
Animals (Basel). 2017 Jan 18;7(1):
pubmed: 28106802
J Dairy Sci. 2007 Apr;90(4):1947-56
pubmed: 17369235
Vet J. 2000 Mar;159(2):139-46
pubmed: 10712801
Nutr Res Rev. 2008 Dec;21(2):207-34
pubmed: 19087372
News Physiol Sci. 2004 Feb;19:1-6
pubmed: 14739394