SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccination, and antibody response trajectories in adults: a cohort study in Catalonia.
Adults
Antibody
COVID-19 vaccines
Comorbidities
Determinants
Kinetics
SARS-CoV-2
Smoking
Journal
BMC medicine
ISSN: 1741-7015
Titre abrégé: BMC Med
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101190723
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
16 09 2022
16 09 2022
Historique:
received:
08
04
2022
accepted:
01
09
2022
entrez:
15
9
2022
pubmed:
16
9
2022
medline:
20
9
2022
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Heterogeneity of the population in relation to infection, COVID-19 vaccination, and host characteristics is likely reflected in the underlying SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses. We measured IgM, IgA, and IgG levels against SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid antigens in 1076 adults of a cohort study in Catalonia between June and November 2020 and a second time between May and July 2021. Questionnaire data and electronic health records on vaccination and COVID-19 testing were available in both periods. Data on several lifestyle, health-related, and sociodemographic characteristics were also available. Antibody seroreversion occurred in 35.8% of the 64 participants non-vaccinated and infected almost a year ago and was related to asymptomatic infection, age above 60 years, and smoking. Moreover, the analysis on kinetics revealed that among all responses, IgG RBD, IgA RBD, and IgG S2 decreased less within 1 year after infection. Among vaccinated, 2.1% did not present antibodies at the time of testing and approximately 1% had breakthrough infections post-vaccination. In the post-vaccination era, IgM responses and those against nucleoprotein were much less prevalent. In previously infected individuals, vaccination boosted the immune response and there was a slight but statistically significant increase in responses after a 2nd compared to the 1st dose. Infected vaccinated participants had superior antibody levels across time compared to naïve-vaccinated people. mRNA vaccines and, particularly the Spikevax, induced higher antibodies after 1st and 2nd doses compared to Vaxzevria or Janssen COVID-19 vaccines. In multivariable regression analyses, antibody responses after vaccination were predicted by the type of vaccine, infection age, sex, smoking, and mental and cardiovascular diseases. Our data support that infected people would benefit from vaccination. Results also indicate that hybrid immunity results in superior antibody responses and infection-naïve people would need a booster dose earlier than previously infected people. Mental diseases are associated with less efficient responses to vaccination.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
Heterogeneity of the population in relation to infection, COVID-19 vaccination, and host characteristics is likely reflected in the underlying SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses.
METHODS
We measured IgM, IgA, and IgG levels against SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid antigens in 1076 adults of a cohort study in Catalonia between June and November 2020 and a second time between May and July 2021. Questionnaire data and electronic health records on vaccination and COVID-19 testing were available in both periods. Data on several lifestyle, health-related, and sociodemographic characteristics were also available.
RESULTS
Antibody seroreversion occurred in 35.8% of the 64 participants non-vaccinated and infected almost a year ago and was related to asymptomatic infection, age above 60 years, and smoking. Moreover, the analysis on kinetics revealed that among all responses, IgG RBD, IgA RBD, and IgG S2 decreased less within 1 year after infection. Among vaccinated, 2.1% did not present antibodies at the time of testing and approximately 1% had breakthrough infections post-vaccination. In the post-vaccination era, IgM responses and those against nucleoprotein were much less prevalent. In previously infected individuals, vaccination boosted the immune response and there was a slight but statistically significant increase in responses after a 2nd compared to the 1st dose. Infected vaccinated participants had superior antibody levels across time compared to naïve-vaccinated people. mRNA vaccines and, particularly the Spikevax, induced higher antibodies after 1st and 2nd doses compared to Vaxzevria or Janssen COVID-19 vaccines. In multivariable regression analyses, antibody responses after vaccination were predicted by the type of vaccine, infection age, sex, smoking, and mental and cardiovascular diseases.
CONCLUSIONS
Our data support that infected people would benefit from vaccination. Results also indicate that hybrid immunity results in superior antibody responses and infection-naïve people would need a booster dose earlier than previously infected people. Mental diseases are associated with less efficient responses to vaccination.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36109713
doi: 10.1186/s12916-022-02547-2
pii: 10.1186/s12916-022-02547-2
pmc: PMC9479347
doi:
Substances chimiques
COVID-19 Vaccines
0
Immunoglobulin A
0
Immunoglobulin G
0
Immunoglobulin M
0
Nucleoproteins
0
Viral Vaccines
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
347Informations de copyright
© 2022. The Author(s).
Références
Nat Commun. 2022 Feb 1;13(1):636
pubmed: 35105869
Nat Commun. 2022 Feb 16;13(1):907
pubmed: 35173150
BMC Med. 2021 Jun 28;19(1):155
pubmed: 34183003
Lancet Infect Dis. 2022 Jan;22(1):43-55
pubmed: 34480857
J Clin Med. 2021 Nov 24;10(23):
pubmed: 34884205
Nat Microbiol. 2021 Sep;6(9):1140-1149
pubmed: 34290390
Nat Commun. 2022 Jun 28;13(1):3528
pubmed: 35764621
J Clin Microbiol. 2021 Jan 21;59(2):
pubmed: 33127841
EBioMedicine. 2022 Mar;77:103922
pubmed: 35259573
Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 2022 Sep;59(6):373-390
pubmed: 35220860
BMJ Open. 2018 Mar 27;8(3):e018324
pubmed: 29593016
Cell Host Microbe. 2021 Dec 8;29(12):1738-1743.e4
pubmed: 34861167
Nature. 2021 Aug;596(7872):417-422
pubmed: 34192737
Lancet. 2021 Dec 18;398(10318):2258-2276
pubmed: 34863358
Transl Res. 2022 Feb;240:26-32
pubmed: 34710636
EBioMedicine. 2022 Mar;77:103888
pubmed: 35196644
Front Immunol. 2021 Nov 25;12:779212
pubmed: 34899739
Sci Rep. 2021 Nov 23;11(1):22777
pubmed: 34815503
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2019 Mar 13;32(2):
pubmed: 30867162
Transl Res. 2021 Jun;232:60-74
pubmed: 33582244
Sci Immunol. 2022 Feb 18;7(68):eabn8014
pubmed: 35076258
Nat Commun. 2022 Jan 10;13(1):140
pubmed: 35013258
Nat Commun. 2022 Jan 10;13(1):153
pubmed: 35013191
Mucosal Immunol. 2022 May;15(5):799-808
pubmed: 35468942
Sci Transl Med. 2021 Jan 20;13(577):
pubmed: 33288662
EBioMedicine. 2022 Jan;75:103805
pubmed: 35032961
Nat Commun. 2021 Aug 6;12(1):4740
pubmed: 34362897
Lancet Psychiatry. 2021 May;8(5):444-450
pubmed: 33548184
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2022 Apr;149(4):1242-1252.e12
pubmed: 35093484
Vaccines (Basel). 2021 Feb 18;9(2):
pubmed: 33670661
iScience. 2022 Feb 18;25(2):103743
pubmed: 35018336
Trends Immunol. 2020 Jun;41(6):457-465
pubmed: 32340868
Sci Rep. 2021 Nov 3;11(1):21571
pubmed: 34732749
Nat Med. 2022 May;28(5):1072-1082
pubmed: 35165453
Vaccines (Basel). 2022 Feb 16;10(2):
pubmed: 35214761
N Engl J Med. 2020 Sep 10;383(11):1085-1087
pubmed: 32706954
EBioMedicine. 2022 Mar;77:103904
pubmed: 35248996
Lancet Respir Med. 2021 Dec;9(12):1450-1466
pubmed: 34688434
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021 Sep 17;70(37):1294-1299
pubmed: 34529636