Greater adherence to the 2019 Canada's Food Guide recommendations on healthy food choices reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease in adults: a prospective analysis of UK Biobank data.
24-h dietary recalls
CFG
CVD
Canada's Food Guide
HEFI-2019
Healthy Eating Food Index
cardiovascular disease
causal inference
dietary guidelines
Journal
The American journal of clinical nutrition
ISSN: 1938-3207
Titre abrégé: Am J Clin Nutr
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0376027
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
19 12 2022
19 12 2022
Historique:
received:
27
04
2022
accepted:
10
09
2022
pubmed:
21
9
2022
medline:
21
12
2022
entrez:
20
9
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Canada's Food Guide (CFG) was profoundly revised in 2019, but the extent to which adherence to recommendations on healthy food choices reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine how greater adherence to the 2019 CFG's recommendations on healthy food choices influences the risk of incident CVD. Participants were a sample of adults without history of CVD, diabetes, or cancer from the UK Biobank prospective cohort study. Usual dietary intakes were estimated by modeling data from repeated Web-based 24-h dietary recalls using the National Cancer Institute multivariate method. Adherence to key CFG recommendations on healthy food choices was assessed using the Healthy Eating Food Index (HEFI)-2019, which has a maximum of 80 points. The CVD outcome was a composite of fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. Cox regression models adjusted via inverse probability weighting were used to estimate CVD risks. Counterfactual models were used to interpret risks of hypothetical changes in the HEFI-2019 score. A total of 136,698 participants met the eligibility criteria (55% females; mean age: 57.2 y; range: 40-75 y). During the 11-y follow-up, there were 2843 cases of incident CVD. Compared with no change in the HEFI-2019 score, increasing the HEFI-2019 score of all participants to the 90th percentile of the score distribution (58.1 points) hypothetically reduced the risk of CVD by 24% (RR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.58, 0.94; absolute risk difference: -0.58%). These results suggest that greater adherence to the 2019 CFG recommendations on healthy food choices reduces the 11-y risk of CVD in middle-aged and older adults.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
Canada's Food Guide (CFG) was profoundly revised in 2019, but the extent to which adherence to recommendations on healthy food choices reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is unknown.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to examine how greater adherence to the 2019 CFG's recommendations on healthy food choices influences the risk of incident CVD.
METHODS
Participants were a sample of adults without history of CVD, diabetes, or cancer from the UK Biobank prospective cohort study. Usual dietary intakes were estimated by modeling data from repeated Web-based 24-h dietary recalls using the National Cancer Institute multivariate method. Adherence to key CFG recommendations on healthy food choices was assessed using the Healthy Eating Food Index (HEFI)-2019, which has a maximum of 80 points. The CVD outcome was a composite of fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. Cox regression models adjusted via inverse probability weighting were used to estimate CVD risks. Counterfactual models were used to interpret risks of hypothetical changes in the HEFI-2019 score.
RESULTS
A total of 136,698 participants met the eligibility criteria (55% females; mean age: 57.2 y; range: 40-75 y). During the 11-y follow-up, there were 2843 cases of incident CVD. Compared with no change in the HEFI-2019 score, increasing the HEFI-2019 score of all participants to the 90th percentile of the score distribution (58.1 points) hypothetically reduced the risk of CVD by 24% (RR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.58, 0.94; absolute risk difference: -0.58%).
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that greater adherence to the 2019 CFG recommendations on healthy food choices reduces the 11-y risk of CVD in middle-aged and older adults.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36124644
pii: S0002-9165(23)03707-3
doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac256
pmc: PMC9761735
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1748-1758Subventions
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MC_PC_17228
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MC_QA137853
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : CIHR
ID : MFE-181852
Pays : Canada
Informations de copyright
© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition.
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