A Systematic Review on the Safety and Efficacy of PCSK9 Inhibitors in Lowering Cardiovascular Risks in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease.
alirocumab
chronic kidney disease (ckd)
dyslipidemia
efficacy of pcsk9 inhibitors
evolocumab
hyperlipidemia treatment
pcsk9 inhibitors
risk factors cardiovascular diseases
safety of pcsk9 inhibitors
Journal
Cureus
ISSN: 2168-8184
Titre abrégé: Cureus
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101596737
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Sep 2022
Sep 2022
Historique:
received:
07
06
2022
accepted:
13
09
2022
entrez:
21
9
2022
pubmed:
22
9
2022
medline:
22
9
2022
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Cardiovascular events caused by dyslipidemia are one of the leading causes of death in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Statins are the first line of treatment for patients with hyperlipidemia and in the treatment regimen for patients with CKD. Therefore, the introduction of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin-Kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK9 inhibitors) is a viable and possibly effective treatment option for patients who, despite high doses of statins, struggle to lower their low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Our paper's objective is to explore the safety of these biological agents, particularly in patients with varying stages of impaired kidney function, and the correlating effectiveness in lowering their LDL-C levels, thereby reducing cardiovascular risks in these patients. We methodically retrieved relevant articles from PubMed, PubMed Central, Medline, and Google scholar in April 2022. We used the Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) Strategy and used the relevant keyword, then applied our inclusion and exclusion criteria; the initial search gave 10,542 results; with the removal of duplicates, irrelevant articles, and application of quality assessments done, we finally included 15 papers for our review with 37,188 patients. PCSK9 inhibitors are reliable, safe, and efficient therapy in lowering LDL-C levels in patients with CKD. However, its safety and efficacy in severe and end-stage kidney disease are grey, as other factors such as infections lead to morbidity and mortality. Future trials on chronic kidney disease and PCSK9 inhibitors should investigate the inhibitors' ability to improve kidney functions at all stages of kidney disease while lowering lipid levels and finally analyze the safety in patients with end-stage kidney disease.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36128564
doi: 10.7759/cureus.29140
pmc: PMC9477547
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Pagination
e29140Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2022, Igweonu-Nwakile et al.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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