Examining of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Hookah Smokers.
Blood and urine samples
Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry
Hookah
Tobacco
Journal
Biological trace element research
ISSN: 1559-0720
Titre abrégé: Biol Trace Elem Res
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 7911509
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Jul 2023
Jul 2023
Historique:
received:
20
06
2022
accepted:
12
09
2022
medline:
8
5
2023
pubmed:
23
9
2022
entrez:
22
9
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Hookah smoking has been spreading around the world, especially among young adults. The current study aimed to investigate the concentration of heavy metals and elements and clinical symptoms in hookah users in comparison with non-users. To the best of our knowledge, the present study represents the first scientific contribution indicating levels of several heavy metals and elements in urine and blood in hookah users and non-users as well as evaluating clinical symptoms. This research was implemented in Iran among 100 males divided into two groups (50/group): control and hookah users. Heavy metal contamination (lead, cadmium, arsenic, thallium, zinc, and copper) in blood and urine samples was assayed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). Duration of hookah use was 7.06 ± 4.57 years. The mean ± SD of lead, arsenic, and thallium concentrations was 3.77 ± 2.22, 8.50 ± 4.34, and 4.22 ± 2.69 μg/L. The mean levels of blood for lead, arsenic, and urinary thallium in hookah users are significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.05). The most frequent clinical symptoms in hookah smokers were constipation and fatigue. Findings from this study might guide the development of policies to regulate hookah smoking and prevent adverse health effects associated with hookah smoking.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36138261
doi: 10.1007/s12011-022-03422-0
pii: 10.1007/s12011-022-03422-0
doi:
Substances chimiques
Arsenic
N712M78A8G
Thallium
AD84R52XLF
Metals, Heavy
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
3185-3192Informations de copyright
© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Références
Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network. Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019) Reference life table. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), Seattle, 2021
Bao X et al (2021) Exposure to waterpipe smoke and blood heavy metal concentrations. Environ Res 200:111460
pubmed: 34089744
doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111460
Heatherton TF et al (1991) The Fagerström test for nicotine dependence: a revision of the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire. Br J Addict 86(9):1119–1127
pubmed: 1932883
doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01879.x
Akl EA et al (2010) The effects of waterpipe tobacco smoking on health outcomes: a systematic review. Int J Epidemiol 39(3):834–857
pubmed: 20207606
doi: 10.1093/ije/dyq002
Cobb C et al (2010) Waterpipe tobacco smoking: an emerging health crisis in the United States. Am J Health Behav 34(3):275–285
pubmed: 20001185
pmcid: 3215592
doi: 10.5993/AJHB.34.3.3
Apsley A et al (2011) Assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nicotine, metal contents and particle size distribution of mainstream shisha smoke. J Environ Health Res 11(2):93–103
Rastam S et al (2004) Estimating the beginning of the waterpipe epidemic in Syria. BMC Publ Health 4(1):1–5
doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-4-32
Maziak W et al (2004) Tobacco smoking using a waterpipe: a re-emerging strain in a global epidemic. Tob Control 13(4):327–333
pubmed: 15564614
pmcid: 1747964
doi: 10.1136/tc.2004.008169
Moosazadeh M et al (2013) Meta-analysis of smoking prevalence in Iran. Addict Health 5(3–4):140–153
pubmed: 24494171
pmcid: 3905476
Jawad M et al (2018) The prevalence and trends of waterpipe tobacco smoking: a systematic review. PLoS ONE 13(2):1–20
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192191
Hessami Z et al (2017) Evaluation of the prevalence of waterpipe tobacco smoking and its related factors in Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. EMHJ-East Mediterr Health J 23(2):94–99
doi: 10.26719/2017.23.2.94
Al Oweini D, Jawad M, Akl EA (2020) The association of waterpipe tobacco smoking with later initiation of cigarette smoking: a systematic review and meta-analysis exploring the gateway theory. Tob Control 29(5):577–584
Beaglehole R, Bonita R (2008) Global public health: a scorecard. The Lancet 372(9654):1988–1996
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61558-5
Taha AZ et al (2010) Water pipe (shisha) smoking among male students of medical colleges in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia. Ann Saudi Med 30(3):222–226
pubmed: 20427939
pmcid: 2886873
doi: 10.4103/0256-4947.62838
Martinasek MP, McDermott RJ, Martini L (2011) Waterpipe (hookah) tobacco smoking among youth. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care 41(2):34–57
pubmed: 21232693
doi: 10.1016/j.cppeds.2010.10.001
Kuper H, Adami HO, Boffetta P (2002) Tobacco use, cancer causation and public health impact. J Intern Med 251(6):455–466
pubmed: 12028500
doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2796.2002.00993.x
Aljarrah K, Ababneh ZQ, Al-Delaimy WK (2009) Perceptions of hookah smoking harmfulness: predictors and characteristics among current hookah users. Tob Induc Dis 5(1):1–7
doi: 10.1186/1617-9625-5-16
Knishkowy B, Amitai Y (2005) Water-pipe (narghile) smoking: an emerging health risk behavior. Pediatrics 116(1):113–119
doi: 10.1542/peds.2004-2173
Qamar W, Al-Ghadeer AR, Ali R (2015) Analysis of toxic elements in smoked shisha waterwaste and unburnt tobacco by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: probable role in environmental contamination. Res J Environ Toxicol 9(4):204–210
doi: 10.3923/rjet.2015.204.210
Schubert J et al (2015) Waterpipe smoke: source of toxic and carcinogenic VOCs, phenols and heavy metals? Arch Toxicol 89(11):2129–2139
pubmed: 25248501
doi: 10.1007/s00204-014-1372-x
Shakeri MT et al (2021) Assessing heavy metal burden among cigarette smokers and non-smoking individuals in Iran: cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Biol Trace Elem Res 199(11):4036–4044
pubmed: 33469740
doi: 10.1007/s12011-020-02537-6
Hossain MT, Hassi U, Huq SI (2018) Assessment of concentration and toxicological (cancer) risk of lead, cadmium and chromium in tobacco products commonly available in Bangladesh. Toxicol Rep 5:897–902
pubmed: 30191134
pmcid: 6125795
doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.08.019
Verma S, Yadav S, Singh I (2010) Trace metal concentration in different Indian tobacco products and related health implications. Food Chem Toxicol 48(8–9):2291–2297
pubmed: 20594989
doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.05.062
Al-Gburi JB, Al-Graiti TA (2019) Effects of hookah smoking on blood contents and some organ functions of men body. in Journal of Physics: Conference Series. IOP Publishing 1234:1–11
Argos M et al (2011) A prospective study of arsenic exposure from drinking water and incidence of skin lesions in Bangladesh. Am J Epidemiol 174(2):185–194
pubmed: 21576319
pmcid: 3167679
doi: 10.1093/aje/kwr062
Abu-Obaid A et al (2015) Determination and assessment of heavy metals in tobacco sold and smoked in Palestinian market. Int J Chem 6(2):713–723
Rosado JL et al (2007) Arsenic exposure and cognitive performance in Mexican schoolchildren. Environ Health Perspect 115(9):1371–1375
pubmed: 17805430
pmcid: 1964916
doi: 10.1289/ehp.9961
Rahnama MB, Fathi N, Zounemat-Kermani M (2020) Arsenic contamination in groundwater resources of Sirjan plain. Iran Environ Eng Sci 37(10):658–668
doi: 10.1089/ees.2019.0519
Saçmaci Ş, Kartal S, Sacmaci M (2012) Determination of Cr (III), Fe (III), Ni (II), Pb (II) and Zn (II) ions by FAAS in environmental samples after separation and preconcentration by solvent extraction using a triketone reagent. Fresenius Environ Bull 21(6):1563–1570
Cvjetko P, Cvjetko I, Pavlica M (2010) Thallium toxicity in humans. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 61(1):111–118
pubmed: 20338874
doi: 10.2478/10004-1254-61-2010-1976
Petering H, Choudhury H, Stemmer K (1979) Some effects of oral ingestion of cadmium on zinc, copper, and iron metabolism. Environ Health Perspect 28:97–106
pubmed: 488054
pmcid: 1637519
doi: 10.1289/ehp.792897
Mansouri B et al (2017) Risk assessment of heavy metals in lipstick and hair dye cosmetics products in Sanandaj. Sci J Kurd Univ Med Sci 22(3):31–39
Fu Z, Xi S (2020) The effects of heavy metals on human metabolism. Toxicol Mech Methods 30(3):167–176
pubmed: 31818169
doi: 10.1080/15376516.2019.1701594
Gillis BS, Arbieva Z, Gavin IM (2012) Analysis of lead toxicity in human cells. BMC Genomics 13(1):1–12
doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-344
Rezaei M et al (2019) Thyroid dysfunction: how concentration of toxic and essential elements contribute to risk of hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and thyroid cancer. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26(35):35787–35796
doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-06632-7
Michalak I, Wołowiec P, Chojnacka K (2014) Determination of exposure to lead of subjects from southwestern Poland by human hair analysis. Environ Monit Assess 186(4):2259–2267
pubmed: 24346348
doi: 10.1007/s10661-013-3534-3
Paschal DC, Bailey GG (1986) Determination of thallium in urine with Zeeman effect graphite furnace atomic absorption. J Anal Toxicol 10(6):252–254
pubmed: 3807326
doi: 10.1093/jat/10.6.252
Fazelirad H, Taher MA (2013) Ligandless, ion pair-based and ultrasound assisted emulsification solidified floating organic drop microextraction for simultaneous preconcentration of ultra-trace amounts of gold and thallium and determination by GFAAS. Talanta 103:375–383
pubmed: 23200402
doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.10.082
Molavi N, Ghaderi A, Banafshe H (2020) Determination of thallium in urine, blood, and hair in illicit opioid users in Iran. Hum Exp Toxicol 39(6):808–815
pubmed: 32009467
doi: 10.1177/0960327120903487
Csuros M (2017) Environmental sampling and analysis for technicians. CRC Press, pp 30–125. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203756867
Poyrazoğlu S et al (2010) Waterpipe (narghile) smoking among medical and non-medical university students in Turkey. Upsala J Med Sci 115(3):210–216
pubmed: 20636256
pmcid: 2939523
doi: 10.3109/03009734.2010.487164
Dar-Odeh NS et al (2010) Narghile (water pipe) smoking among university students in Jordan: prevalence, pattern and beliefs. Harm Reduct J 7(1):1–6
doi: 10.1186/1477-7517-7-10
Anjum Q, Ahmed F, Ashfaq T (2008) Knowledge, attitude and perception of water pipe smoking (Shisha) among adolescents aged 14–19 years. JPMA J Pak Med Assoc 58(6):312–317
pubmed: 18988390
Momenabadi V, Hashemi SY, Borhaninejad VR (2016) Factors affecting hookah smoking trend in the society: a review article. Addict Health 8(2):123–135
pubmed: 27882210
pmcid: 5115646
Baheiraei A et al (2015) Factors that contribute in the first hookah smoking trial by women: a qualitative study from Iran. Iran J Publ Health 44(1):100–110
Shariat SZAS et al (2019) Cadmium concentration in cigarette brands, tobacco leaves, and smokers’ blood samples. Herb Med J (Herb Med J) 4:11–17
Özcan MM et al (2019) Distribution of heavy metal and macroelements of Indian and imported cigarette brands in Turkey. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26(27):28210–28215
doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-05978-2
Saadawi R et al (2012) The hookah series part 1: total metal analysis in hookah tobacco (narghile, shisha)–an initial study. Anal Methods 4(11):3604–3611
doi: 10.1039/c2ay26065d
Pappas R et al (2007) Cadmium, lead, and thallium in smoke particulate from counterfeit cigarettes compared to authentic US brands. Food Chem Toxicol 45(2):202–209
pubmed: 17011104
doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2006.08.001
Kaplan B et al (2019) Waterpipe tobacco smoke: characterization of toxicants and exposure biomarkers in a cross-sectional study of waterpipe employees. Environ Int 127:495–502
pubmed: 30981020
pmcid: 6513716
doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.03.074
Hammal F et al (2015) Herbal’but potentially hazardous: an analysis of the constituents and smoke emissions of tobacco-free waterpipe products and the air quality in the cafes where they are served. Tob Control 24(3):290–297
pubmed: 24128428
doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051169
Sher ME et al (1999) The influence of cigarette smoking on cytokine levels in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 5(2):73–78
pubmed: 10338374
doi: 10.1097/00054725-199905000-00001
Kocyigit A, Erel O, Gur S (2001) Effects of tobacco smoking on plasma selenium, zinc, copper and iron concentrations and related antioxidative enzyme activities. Clin Biochem 34(8):629–633
pubmed: 11849622
doi: 10.1016/S0009-9120(01)00271-5
Gautam P et al (2022) The effects of pictorial health warning label on waterpipe (low-and high-frequency) smokers’ experiences, toxicant exposures, and puffing behavior. Int J Behav Med 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-022-10074-w
Ghaderi A et al (2015) Thallium exists in opioid poisoned patients. DARU J Pharm Sci 23(1):1–4
doi: 10.1186/s40199-015-0121-x
Kakodkar PV, Bansal SS (2013) Hookah smoking: characteristics, behavior and perceptions of youth smokers in Pune, India. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 14(7):4319–4323
pubmed: 23991996
doi: 10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.7.4319
Maziak W et al (2004) Prevalence and characteristics of narghile smoking among university students in Syria. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 8(7):882–889
pubmed: 15260281
Dadipoor S et al (2020) Predictors of hookah smoking among women in Bandar Abbas, southern Iran: a cross-sectional study based on the intervention mapping protocol. Subst Use Misuse 55(11):1800–1807
pubmed: 32441183
doi: 10.1080/10826084.2020.1765807
Rice VH et al (2019) Health effects reported by adolescent water pipe and/or cigarette smokers compared to nonsmokers. J Adolesc Health 64(3):333–339
pubmed: 30409754
doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.08.027
Gross G et al (2020) Association between coffee, tobacco, and alcohol daily consumption and sleep/wake cycle: an actigraphy study in euthymic patients with bipolar disorders. Chronobiol Int 37(5):712–722
pubmed: 32048536
doi: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1725542