The role of phenothiazine derivatives in autophagy regulation: A systematic review.
autophagy
cancer
cell line
phenothiazine derivatives
tumor
Journal
Journal of applied toxicology : JAT
ISSN: 1099-1263
Titre abrégé: J Appl Toxicol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 8109495
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
04 2023
04 2023
Historique:
revised:
18
09
2022
received:
26
07
2022
accepted:
20
09
2022
pubmed:
28
9
2022
medline:
22
3
2023
entrez:
27
9
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
In this review, we summarized the current literature on the impact of phenothiazine derivatives on autophagy in vitro. Phenothiazines are antipsychotic drugs used in the treatment of schizophrenia, which is related to altered neurotransmission and dysregulation of neuronal autophagy. Thus, phenothiazine derivatives can impact autophagy. We identified 35 papers, where the use of the phenothiazines in the in vitro autophagy assays on normal and cancer cell lines, Caenorhabditis elegans, and zebrafish were discussed. Chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, mepazine, methotrimeprazine, perphenazine, prochlorperazine, promethazine, thioridazine, trifluoperazine, and novel derivatives can modulate autophagy. Stimulation of autophagy by phenothiazines may be either mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-dependent or mTOR-independent. The final effect depends on the used concentration as well as the cell line. A further investigation of the mechanisms of autophagy regulation by phenothiazine derivatives is required to understand the biological actions and to increase the therapeutic potential of this class of drugs.
Substances chimiques
phenothiazine
GS9EX7QNU6
Antipsychotic Agents
0
Promazine
O9M39HTM5W
Phenothiazines
0
Chlorpromazine
U42B7VYA4P
Types de publication
Systematic Review
Journal Article
Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
474-489Informations de copyright
© 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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