One-Year Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 and Rotavirus in Water Matrices from a Hot Spring Area.
Geothermal hot spring
Rotavirus
SARS-CoV-2
Wastewater-based epidemiology
Journal
Food and environmental virology
ISSN: 1867-0342
Titre abrégé: Food Environ Virol
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101483831
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
12 2022
12 2022
Historique:
received:
21
04
2022
accepted:
18
09
2022
pubmed:
2
10
2022
medline:
26
11
2022
entrez:
1
10
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still impacting not only on human health but also all economic activities, especially in those related to tourism. In this study, in order to characterize the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in a hot spring park in Uruguay, swimming pools water, wastewater, and surface water from this area were analyzed by quantitative PCR. Wastewater from Salto city located next to the hydrothermal spring area was also evaluated as well as the presence of Rotavirus (RV). Overall, SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 13% (13/102) of the analyzed samples. Moreover, this virus was not detected in any of the samples from the swimming pools water and was present in 18% (3/17) of wastewater samples from the hotels area showing the same trend between the titer of SARS-CoV-2 and the number of infected people in Salto city. SARS-CoV-2 was also detected in wastewater samples (32% (11/34)) from Salto city, detecting the first positive sample when 105 persons were positive for SARS-CoV-2. Rotavirus was detected only in 10% (2/24) of the wastewater samples analyzed in months when partial lockdown measures were taken, however, this virus was detected in nearly all wastewater samples analyzed when social distancing measures and partial lockdown were relaxed. Wastewater results confirmed the advantages of using the detection and quantification of viruses in this matrix in order to evaluate the presence of these viruses in the population, highlighting the usefulness of this approach to define and apply social distancing. This study suggests that waters from swimming pools are not a source of infection for SARS-CoV-2, although more studies are needed including infectivity assays in order to confirm this statement.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36181654
doi: 10.1007/s12560-022-09537-w
pii: 10.1007/s12560-022-09537-w
pmc: PMC9525940
doi:
Substances chimiques
Waste Water
0
Water
059QF0KO0R
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
401-409Informations de copyright
© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Références
Ahmed, W., Angel, N., Edson, J., Bibby, K., Bivins, A., O’Brien, J. W., Choi, P. M., Kitajima, M., Simpson, S. L., Li, J., Tscharke, B., Verhagen, R., Smith, W. J. M., Zaugg, J., Dierens, L., Hugenholtz, P., Thomas, K. V., & Mueller, J. F. (2020). First confirmed detection of SARS-CoV-2 in untreated wastewater in Australia: A proof of concept for the wastewater surveillance of COVID-19 in the community. Science of the Total Environment, 728, 138764.
doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138764
pubmed: 32387778
Ahmed, F., Islam, M. A., Kumar, M., Hossain, M., Bhattacharya, P., Islam, M. T., Hossen, F., Hossain, M. S., Islam, M. S., Uddin, M. M., Islam, M. N., Bahadur, N. M., Didar-Ul-Alam, M., Reza, H. M., & Jakariya, M. (2021). First detection of SARS-CoV-2 genetic material in the vicinity of COVID-19 isolation Centre in Bangladesh: Variation along the sewer network. Science of the Total Environment, 776, 145724.
doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145724
pubmed: 33652314
American Public Health Association (APHA). (2017). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association.
Bibby, K., & Peccia, J. (2013). Identification of viral pathogen diversity in sewage sludge by metagenome analysis. Environmental Science and Technology, 47, 1945–1951.
doi: 10.1021/es305181x
pubmed: 23346855
Brown, J. C., Moshe, M., Blackwell, A., & Barclay, W. S. (2021). Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 in chlorinated swimming pool water. Water Research, 205, 117718.
doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117718
pubmed: 34619607
pmcid: 8480993
Calgua, B., Mengewein, A., Grunert, A., Bofill-Mas, S., Clemente-Casares, P., Hundesa, A., Wyn-Jones, A. P., López-Pila, J. M., & Girones, R. (2008). Development and application of a one-step low cost procedure to concentrate viruses from seawater samples. Journal of Virological Methods, 153, 79–83.
doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2008.08.003
pubmed: 18765255
Center for Disease Control and prevention (CDC). (2019). Real-time rRT-PCR panel primers and probes [WWW document]. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Retrieved Nov 15, 2021 from https://www.fda.gov/media/134922/download
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2020. Research use only 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) real-time RT-PCR primer and probe information.
Chan, M. C. (2022). Return of norovirus and rotavirus activity in winter 2020–21 in city with strict COVID-19 control strategy. China. Emerg Infect Dis., 28(3), 713–716.
doi: 10.3201/eid2803.212117
pubmed: 35049493
Chau, C. H., Strope, J. D., & Figg, W. D. (2020). COVID-19 clinical diagnostics and testing technology. Pharmacotherapy, 40(8), 857–868.
doi: 10.1002/phar.2439
pubmed: 32643218
pmcid: 7361586
Chen, Y., Chen, L., Deng, Q., Zhang, G., Wu, K., Ni, L., Yang, Y., Liu, B., Wang, W., Wei, C., Yang, J., Ye, G., & Cheng, Z. (2020). The presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the feces of COVID-19 patients. Journal of Medical Virology, 92(7), 833–840.
doi: 10.1002/jmv.25825
pubmed: 32243607
Chu, D. K. W., Pan, Y., Cheng, S. M. S., Hui, K. P. Y., Krishnan, P., Liu, Y., Ng, D. Y. M., Wan, C. K. C., Yang, P., Wang, Q., Peiris, M., & Poon, L. L. M. (2020). Molecular diagnosis of a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) causing an outbreak of pneumonia. Clinical Chemistry, 66(4), 549–555.
doi: 10.1093/clinchem/hvaa029
pubmed: 32031583
pmcid: 7108203
Corman, V. M., Landt, O., Kaiser, M., Molenkamp, R., Meijer, A., Chu, D. K., Bleicker, T., Brünink, S., Schneider, J., Schmidt, M. L., Mulders, D. G., Haagmans, B. L., van der Veer, B., van den Brink, S., Wijsman, L., Goderski, G., Romette, J. L., Ellis, J., Zambon, M., … Drosten, C. (2020). Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR. Eurosurveillance Weekly, 25(3), 2000045.
Dergham, J., Delerce, J., Bedotto, M., La Scola, B., & Moal, V. (2021). Isolation of viable SARS-CoV-2 virus from feces of an immunocompromised patient suggesting a possible fecal mode of transmission. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(12), 2696. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10122696.PMID:34207314;PMCID:PMC8235306
doi: 10.3390/jcm10122696.PMID:34207314;PMCID:PMC8235306
pubmed: 34207314
pmcid: 8235306
EASY CHEM 5.0 (2012). Software. Designed by Grupo de Hidrología Subterránea—Departamento de Ingeniería del Terreno de la UPC. Retrieved , 05/04/2021 from https://h2ogeo.upc.edu/es/investigacion-hidrologia-subterrania/software/42-easy-quim .
Fumian, T. M., Fioretti, J. M., Lun, J. H., Dos Santos, I. A. L., White, P. A., & Miagostovich, M. P. (2019). Detection of norovirus epidemic genotypes in raw sewage using next generation sequencing. Environment International, 123, 282–291.
doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.11.054
pubmed: 30553201
Gharbi-Khelifi, H., Sdiri, K., Ferre, V., Harrath, R., Berthome, M., Billaudel, S., & Aouni, M. (2007). A 1-year study of the epidemiology of hepatitis A virus in Tunisia. Clinical Microbiology & Infection, 13(1), 25–32.
doi: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2006.01588.x
Kumazaki, M., & Usuku, S. (2015). Nucleotide correlations between rotavirus C isolates in clinical samples from outbreaks and in sewage samples. Food Environ Virol., 7(3), 269–275.
doi: 10.1007/s12560-014-9175-z
pubmed: 25475764
Lewis, G. D., & Metcalf, T. G. (1988). Polyethylene glycol precipitation for recovery of pathogenic viruses, including hepatitis A virus and human rotavirus, from oyster, water, and sediment samples. Applied and Environment Microbiology, 54(8), 1983–1988.
doi: 10.1128/aem.54.8.1983-1988.1988
Lizasoain, A., Tort, L. F. L., García, M., Gillman, L., Alberti, A., Leite, J. P. G., Miagostovich, M. P., Pou, S. A., Cagiao, A., Razsap, A., Huertas, J., Berois, M., Victoria, M., & Colina, R. (2018). Human enteric viruses in a wastewater treatment plant: Evaluation of activated sludge combined with UV disinfection process reveals different removal performances for viruses with different features. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 66(3), 215–221.
doi: 10.1111/lam.12839
pubmed: 29274087
Murakami, M., Hata, A., Honda, R., & Watanabe, T. (2020). Letter to the editor: Wastewater-based epidemiology can overcome representativeness and stigma issues related to COVID-19. Environmental Science & Technology, 54(9), 5311.
doi: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02172
Peccia, J., Zulli, A., Brackney, D. E., Grubaugh, N. D., Kaplan, E. H., Casanovas-Massana, A., Ko, A. I., Malik, A. A., Wang, D., Wang, M., Warren, J. L., Weinberger, D. M., Arnold, W., & Omer, S. B. (2020). Measurement of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater tracks community infection dynamics. Nature Biotechnology, 38(10), 1164–1167.
doi: 10.1038/s41587-020-0684-z
pubmed: 32948856
pmcid: 8325066
Pina, S., Buti, M., Jardí, R., Clemente-Casares, P., Jofre, J., & Girones, R. (2001). Genetic analysis of hepatitis A virus strains recovered from the environment and from patients with acute hepatitis. Journal of General Virology, 82(Pt 12), 2955–2963.
doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-82-12-2955
pubmed: 11714971
Piper, A. (1944). A graphic procedure in the geochemical interpretation of water-analyses. Transactions, American Geophysical Union., 25(6), 914–928.
doi: 10.1029/TR025i006p00914
Prado, T., Fumian, T. M., Mannarino, C. F., Resende, P. C., Motta, F. C., Eppinghaus, A. L. F., do Vale, V. H. C., Braz, R. M. S., de Andrade, J. D. S. R., Maranhão, A. G., & Miagostovich, M. P. (2021). Wastewater-based epidemiology as a useful tool to track SARS-CoV-2 and support public health policies at municipal level in Brazil. Water Research., 191, 116810.
doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.116810
pubmed: 33434709
pmcid: 7832254
Randazzo, W., Truchado, P., Cuevas-Ferrando, E., Simón, P., Allende, A., & Sánchez, G. (2020). SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater anticipated COVID-19 occurrence in a low prevalence area. Water Research, 181, 115942.
doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115942
pubmed: 32425251
pmcid: 7229723
Robotto, A., Lembo, D., Quaglino, P., Brizio, E., Polato, D., Civra, A., Cusato, J., & Di Perri, G. (2022). Wastewater-based SARS-CoV-2 environmental monitoring for Piedmont, Italy. Environmental Research, 203, 111901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.111901
doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111901
pubmed: 34419466
Romano Spica, V., Gallè, F., Baldelli, G., Valeriani, F., Di Rosa, E., Liguori, G., Brandi, G., GSMS-SItI, Working Group on Movement Sciences for Health, Italian Society of Hygiene Preventive Medicine and Public Health. (2020). Swimming pool safety and prevention at the time of Covid-19: a consensus document from GSMS-SItI. Annali Di Igiene, 32(5), 439–448.
pubmed: 32578839
Salvo, M., Moller, A., Alvareda, E., Gamazo, P., Colina, R., & Victoria, M. (2021). Evaluation of low-cost viral concentration methods in wastewaters: Implications for SARS-CoV-2 pandemic surveillances. Journal of Virological Methods, 297, 114249.
doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114249
pubmed: 34339765
pmcid: 8324412
Savela, E. S., Viloria Winnett, A., Romano, A. E., Porter, M. K., Shelby, N., Akana, R., Ji, J., Cooper, M. M., Schlenker, N. W., Reyes, J. A., Carter, A. M., Barlow, J. T., Tognazzini, C., Feaster, M., Goh, Y. Y., & Ismagilov, R. F. (2022). Quantitative SARS-CoV-2 viral-load curves in paired saliva samples and nasal swabs inform appropriate respiratory sampling site and analytical test sensitivity required for earliest viral detection. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 60(2), e0178521. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01785-21
doi: 10.1128/JCM.01785-21
pubmed: 34911366
Shen, L., Sun, M., Song, S., Hu, Q., Wang, N., Ou, G., Guo, Z., Du, J., Shao, Z., Bai, Y., & Liu, K. (2022). The impact of anti-COVID-19 nonpharmaceutical interventions on hand, foot, and mouth disease-A spatiotemporal perspective in Xi’an, northwestern China. Journal of Medical Virology, 94(7), 3121–3132.
doi: 10.1002/jmv.27715
pubmed: 35277880
pmcid: 9088661
Sobsey, M. D. (2022). Absence of virological and epidemiological evidence that SARS-CoV-2 poses COVID-19 risks from environmental fecal waste, wastewater and water exposures. Journal of Water and Health, 20(1), 126–138.
doi: 10.2166/wh.2021.182
pubmed: 35100160
Victoria, M., Tort, L. F., García, M., Lizasoain, A., Maya, L., Leite, J. P., Miagostovich, M. P., Cristina, J., & Colina, R. (2014). Assessment of gastroenteric viruses from wastewater directly discharged into Uruguay River. Uruguay. Food Environ Virol., 6(2), 116–124.
doi: 10.1007/s12560-014-9143-7
pubmed: 24777819
Wang, L. P., Han, J. Y., Zhou, S. X., Yu, L. J., Lu, Q. B., Zhang, X. A., Zhang, H. Y., Ren, X., Zhang, C. H., Wang, Y. F., Lin, S. H., Xu, Q., Jiang, B. G., Lv, C. L., Chen, J. J., Li, C. J., Li, Z. J., Yang, Y., Liu, W., et al. (2021). The changing pattern of enteric pathogen infections in China during the COVID-19 pandemic: a nation-wide observational study. Lancet Reg Health West Pac., 16, 100268.
doi: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2021.100268
pubmed: 34568854
pmcid: 8450280
World Health Organization. (2003). Guidelines for environmental surveillance of poliovirus circulation.
World Health Organization. (2020). WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19–11 March 2020.
Xagoraraki, I., & O’Brien, E. (2019). Wastewater-based epidemiology for early detection of viral outbreaks. Women in water quality: Investigations by prominent female engineers, 2019, 75–97.
Xiao, F., Sun, J., Xu, Y., Li, F., Huang, X., Li, H., Zhao, J., Huang, J., & Zhao, J. (2020). Infectious SARS-CoV-2 in feces of patient with severe COVID-19. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 26(8), 1920–1922. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2608.200681
doi: 10.3201/eid2608.200681
pubmed: 32421494
pmcid: 7392466
Zeng, S. Q., Halkosalo, A., Salminen, M., Szakal, E. D., Puustinen, L., & Vesikari, T. (2008). One-step quantitative RT-PCR for the detection of rotavirus in acute gastroenteritis. Journal of Virological Methods, 153(2), 238–240.
doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2008.08.004
pubmed: 18765254
Zhu, N., Zhang, D., Wang, W., Li, X., Yang, B., Song, J., Zhao, X., Huang, B., Shi, W., Lu, R., Niu, P., Zhan, F., Ma, X., Wang, D., Xu, W., Wu, G., Gao, G. F., Tan, W., China Novel Coronavirus Investigating and Research Team. (2020). A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(8), 727–733.
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001017
pubmed: 31978945