Iron and iron-related proteins in alcohol consumers: cellular and clinical aspects.
ALD
Alcohol
Alcohol-associated liver disease
Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin
Ferritin
Hemoglobin
Hepcidin
Iron
Transferrin
Transferrin receptor-1
Journal
Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)
ISSN: 1432-1440
Titre abrégé: J Mol Med (Berl)
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 9504370
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
12 2022
12 2022
Historique:
received:
25
06
2022
accepted:
30
08
2022
revised:
25
08
2022
pubmed:
11
10
2022
medline:
29
11
2022
entrez:
10
10
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases. Its pathological spectrum includes the overlapping stages of hepatic steatosis/steatohepatitis that can progress to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis; both are risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma. Moreover, ALD diagnosis and management pose several challenges. The early pathological stages are reversible by alcohol abstinence, but these early stages are often asymptomatic, and currently, there is no specific laboratory biomarker or diagnostic test that can confirm ALD etiology. Alcohol consumers frequently show dysregulation of iron and iron-related proteins. Examination of iron-related parameters in this group may aid in early disease diagnosis and better prognosis and management. For this, a coherent overview of the status of iron and iron-related proteins in alcohol consumers is essential. Therefore, here, we collated and reviewed the alcohol-induced alterations in iron and iron-related proteins. Reported observations include unaltered, increased, or decreased levels of hemoglobin and serum iron, increments in intestinal iron absorption (facilitated via upregulations of duodenal divalent metal transporter-1 and ferroportin), serum ferritin and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, decrements in serum hepcidin, decreased or unaltered levels of transferrin, increased or unaltered levels of transferrin saturation, and unaltered levels of soluble transferrin receptor. Laboratory values of iron and iron-related proteins in alcohol consumers are provided for reference. The causes and mechanisms underlying these alcohol-induced alterations in iron parameters and anemia in ALD are explained. Notably, alcohol consumption by hemochromatosis (iron overload) patients worsens disease severity due to the synergistic effects of excess iron and alcohol.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36214835
doi: 10.1007/s00109-022-02254-8
pii: 10.1007/s00109-022-02254-8
pmc: PMC9691479
doi:
Substances chimiques
Iron
E1UOL152H7
Hepcidins
0
Receptors, Transferrin
0
Ethanol
3K9958V90M
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1673-1689Informations de copyright
© 2022. The Author(s).
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