Sex-specific and hormone-related differences in vascular remodelling in atherosclerosis.
atherosclerosis
inflammation
inflammatory mediators
remodelling
sex differences
Journal
European journal of clinical investigation
ISSN: 1365-2362
Titre abrégé: Eur J Clin Invest
Pays: England
ID NLM: 0245331
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Jan 2023
Jan 2023
Historique:
received:
01
07
2022
accepted:
04
10
2022
pubmed:
12
10
2022
medline:
15
12
2022
entrez:
11
10
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Atherosclerosis, a lipid-driven inflammatory disease, is the main underlying cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) both in men and women. Sex-related dimorphisms regarding CVDs and atherosclerosis were observed since more than a decade ago. Inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, but also endothelial dysfunction, vascular smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation lead to vascular remodelling but are differentially affected by sex. Each year a greater number of men die of CVDs compared with women and are also affected by CVDs at an earlier age (40-70 years old) while women develop atherosclerosis-related complications mainly after menopause (60+ years). The exact biological reasons behind this discrepancy are still not well-understood. From the numerous animal studies on atherosclerosis, only a few include both sexes and even less investigate and highlight the sex-specific differences that may arise. Endogenous sex hormones such as testosterone and oestrogen modulate the atherosclerotic plaque composition and the frequency of such plaques. In men, testosterone seems to act like a double-edged sword as its decrease with ageing correlates with an increased risk of atherosclerotic CVDs, while testosterone is also reported to promote inflammatory immune cell recruitment into the atherosclerotic plaque. In premenopausal women, oestrogen exerts anti-atherosclerotic effects, which decline together with its level after menopause resulting in increased CVD risk in ageing women. However, the interplay of sex hormones, sex-specific immune responses and other sex-related factors is still incompletely understood. This review highlights reported sex differences in atherosclerotic vascular remodelling and the role of endogenous sex hormones in this process.
Substances chimiques
Testosterone
3XMK78S47O
Gonadal Steroid Hormones
0
Estrogens
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
e13885Subventions
Organisme : Aard- en Levenswetenschappen, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
ID : 91619053
Organisme : Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
ID : 310030_197655
Organisme : Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
ID : 4078P0_198297
Organisme : Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
ID : CRSII5_193694
Informations de copyright
© 2022 The Authors. European Journal of Clinical Investigation published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Stichting European Society for Clinical Investigation Journal Foundation.
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